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number

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the spoke radio for the masses headline

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edition july

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8 1947 the army air forces has announced

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that a flying disc

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has been found and is now in the

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possession of the army if the game is

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rigged

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change the game game changer

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i occasionally think how quickly our

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differences worldwide

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would vanish if we were facing an alien

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threat

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this is fade to black with your host

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jimmy church

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on the game changer radio network and

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kgra

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i need your help to get to the year

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you're listening to fate to flag with

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good evening night fade to black

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bespoke radio for

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how you doing how you doing today is

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monday

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may 10 2021

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130 days into the new year

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only 235 days left we are live from a

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bunker somewhere in the middle of

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nowhere

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a total undisclosed location

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but it's beautiful how you doing all

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right monday

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i would like to welcome everybody

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listening all around the world all

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across the united states

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hither and tether to and throw back and

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forth up and down east and west north

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and south far

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and near this is fade to black for kjcr

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the game changer network and kgra the

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planet

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i'm real jimmy church what is cracking

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everybody

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what are you doing how you doing hold on

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i was gifted this today i don't know if

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you see it's cool

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little diorama diorama

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all right what a week we have coming up

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on fade to black

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oh man here we go

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starts with tonight very special guest

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professor avi loeb

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joins us for a full-on discussion on the

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size of everything that's tonight

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tomorrow night alan steinfeld is here

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for the first time

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i can't believe it's been 10 years alan

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steinfeld

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finally on the show with us it's going

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to be talking about his new book

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best seller it is called making contact

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preparing for the realities of

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extraterrestrial existence

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that's tomorrow night wednesday night

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another first time guest nancy tremaine

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is joining us and her new book

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enlightened

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chapters of my life and that is

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wednesday

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and then thursday yeah you got the news

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jacques valet and biola harris are going

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to be here

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a very uh special and exclusive evening

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right here on fade to black to announce

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and talk about

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their new book trinity okay

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and more on that in just a bit uh but

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yeah what what a week what a week

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unbelievable i love my job

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i do i love my job everybody that wants

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their own crystal skull

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i've got a bunch sitting right over

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there you want yours

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i want you to go to carolyn ford's

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website einstein the crystalskull.com

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that's all you got to do promo code

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jimmy gets you 10 off of your order

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today

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your first crystal skull your second or

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you're just adding to your collection

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carolyn ford has the absolute very best

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man she was posting incredible stuff

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over the weekend

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i want them all i can't have them all i

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want them all

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amazing stuff carolyn ford go visit her

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website the links are over at

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jimmychurchradio.com now i am going to

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be at

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the ufo megacon this june 6th through

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the 12th in laughlin nevada

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uh today i got uh

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the notice of where our booth is

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and uh it's a big big big booth

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and uh so when you walk in uh the main

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doors right there

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for the vendor area we're right there

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right at the entrance

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and uh yeah it's uh it's pretty cool

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right there on the left you just walk in

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we're right there

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come on by and say hi get all of your

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tickets all of your information

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over at laughlinufomegacon.com we have

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uh links and banners over at

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jimmychurchradio.com this is a real in

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person live

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event yeah and i cannot wait and

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today's the 10th man three weeks

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we're gonna be in laughlin hanging out

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with you go and get your tickets

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today follow me on twitter at j church

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radio

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yeah yeah follow me right there i've got

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some uh

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announcements i'm going to be making

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here in just a second

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but hello to everybody over on youtube

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facebook

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the bunker cam spreaker uh what am i

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what am i leaving out of course twitter

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you know right in front of me

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um but i've got an announcement here in

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just a little bit and you've got to uh

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i can't believe i'm doing this again but

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i'm going to be doing it again

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in just a minute uh hashtag f2b is the

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sandbox it's right up in front of me

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twitter has been out of control all

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weekend long i can

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barely keep up with it and we all know

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what i'm talking about

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because it was another ufo friday

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yeah certainly dig it you can also email

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throughout the show

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jimmy jimmychurchradio.com

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let's get to the breaking news man i

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river moon coffee river moon wellness

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this show would not exist without coffee

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uh

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man what a day what

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a day all right i'm gonna start off with

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this

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how much is too big

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how big is too big how big is too much

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too much well jeff bezos

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just ordered a new boat or a ship

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a 417 foot

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super yacht that's so massive

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it has its own support yacht

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with a helipad that's on the other boat

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the estimated cost not including the

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boats support

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yacht is 500 million dollars

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bezos fortune rose a staggering 75

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percent last year

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as the panden pandemic upended

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the rest of the world and this seems

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like really bad timing for jeff

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seriously you don't make that

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announcement today

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there you go do you do you return the

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boat

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do you return the ship do you cancel the

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order

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i think you should jeff osiris-rex

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is in the news it happened today

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it is returning back to earth with the

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largest space souvenir from a nasa

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mission since apollo astronauts brought

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back

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moon rocks after a few years of hanging

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out with asteroid bennu

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nasa's osiris-rex is saying goodbye

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today

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and returning to earth that's right

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osiris-rex aims to return

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the 2.1 ounce sample it collected from

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medu

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for an air drop at the utah test and

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training range

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on september 24th 2023

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that's pretty exciting man that's space

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age right there

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at space age the group behind the

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ransomware that took down the

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uh colonial pipeline last week has

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apologized for the

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social consequences their words now mind

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claiming

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that its goal is to just make money not

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to cause societal problems

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the group is called darkside and the fbi

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has confirmed that the group's

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malware was responsible for compromising

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one of the united states

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largest fuel pipelines the 5500 mile

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long colonial

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pipeline is responsible for carrying 45

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percent of the fuel for the entire

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eastern united states and cp says

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its goal is to restore service

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by the end of the week i'm sorry

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i'm sorry it's not going to fly not cool

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not cool

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well uh chernobyl is back in the news

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nuclear fission reactions are happening

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right now at chernobyl a melted

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amalgam of nuclear fuel at chernobyl

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is beginning to react and the issue

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is rain water which has activated

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minerals buried deep within the closed

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plant the reaction could burn out

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naturally but

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it could also require human intervention

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ukrainian scientists recently realized

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that

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leftover nuclear fission fuel made of

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uranium

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has begun reacting again in an

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inaccessible room deep within a damaged

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area of the shuttered plant holy crap

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right let's get this show cracking happy

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birthday to

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bono is 61.

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you know what i'm gonna i'm gonna share

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a bono story a very short bono story

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uh i go with my friend uh billy moeller

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um

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i take him to uh see you two

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down at the pond in anaheim and the

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whole thing was set up and it was

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billy's birthday

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and and things billy was like 18

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19 i think at the time and he was in a

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band that had a number one hit record at

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the time anyway that doesn't matter

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so i take billy to the show but i know

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that you two has set me up with

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uh backstage passes after show passes

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i'm gonna go

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meet the band uh we're gonna take a tour

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of the stage after the show

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i've got everything set up right this

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exclusive evening

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and uh so we go we do all that stuff but

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later we go

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uh and hang out with the band from like

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midnight until like four in the morning

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it was crazy what time we left anyway

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bono

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so uh i i go up and

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bono and i are chat and adam sandler

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is there and it's it's adam in front of

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me

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bono uh to my right i'm here and adam's

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leaning

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against the wall and bono's like you

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know jimmy thank you thank you thank you

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for everything

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today it was great to finally meet you a

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little bit and adam sandler

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was rolling his eyes he couldn't believe

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that bono was talking to a

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lowly civilian i'm serious

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i couldn't believe look at it adam and

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it was unbelievable anyway that's my

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bono story

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donovan today is 75 sunshine superman

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mellow yellow hurty gertie man i like

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herdy gertie man

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tool drummer danny carey today

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is 60. unbelievable our dead guy's

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birthday today is

284
00:14:53,430 --> 00:14:49,440
moment of silence please sid vicious

285
00:14:55,509 --> 00:14:53,440
1957 to 1979 died at the age of 21.

286
00:14:56,550 --> 00:14:55,519
sid of course was the basis for the sex

287
00:14:58,949 --> 00:14:56,560
pistols

288
00:15:00,790 --> 00:14:58,959
sid replaced glenn matlock who had

289
00:15:02,069 --> 00:15:00,800
fallen out of favor with uh the rest of

290
00:15:05,509 --> 00:15:02,079
the band so

291
00:15:07,910 --> 00:15:05,519
glenn gets fired they hire sid because

292
00:15:09,829 --> 00:15:07,920
he looked like a punk rocker i didn't

293
00:15:12,790 --> 00:15:09,839
even think he played base

294
00:15:13,829 --> 00:15:12,800
and uh as the sex pistols were i mean

295
00:15:17,189 --> 00:15:13,839
that too

296
00:15:17,910 --> 00:15:17,199
we're gaining attention uh syd met nancy

297
00:15:20,069 --> 00:15:17,920
spungen

298
00:15:22,550 --> 00:15:20,079
and the couple began a relationship that

299
00:15:23,189 --> 00:15:22,560
ended in her death from an apparent stab

300
00:15:24,790 --> 00:15:23,199
wound

301
00:15:26,310 --> 00:15:24,800
while they were staying at the new york

302
00:15:29,110 --> 00:15:26,320
city's hotel

303
00:15:31,509 --> 00:15:29,120
chelsea under suspicion of murder

304
00:15:33,189 --> 00:15:31,519
vicious was released on bail and was

305
00:15:35,590 --> 00:15:33,199
arrested again

306
00:15:38,150 --> 00:15:35,600
for assaulting todd smith brother of

307
00:15:40,550 --> 00:15:38,160
singer patty smith at a nightclub

308
00:15:41,509 --> 00:15:40,560
and underwent drug rehab on rikers

309
00:15:43,790 --> 00:15:41,519
island

310
00:15:45,189 --> 00:15:43,800
on the evening of the first of february

311
00:15:47,350 --> 00:15:45,199
1979

312
00:15:49,110 --> 00:15:47,360
a small group of friends including jerry

313
00:15:52,470 --> 00:15:49,120
only of the misfits and future

314
00:15:54,389 --> 00:15:52,480
d generation founding member howie pyro

315
00:15:56,790 --> 00:15:54,399
gathered at the manhattan apartment of

316
00:16:00,310 --> 00:15:56,800
vicious's new girlfriend

317
00:16:00,870 --> 00:16:00,320
michelle robeson to celebrate his having

318
00:16:04,310 --> 00:16:00,880
made

319
00:16:06,710 --> 00:16:04,320
bail sid died sometime in the night

320
00:16:07,590 --> 00:16:06,720
from an overdose and was discovered by

321
00:16:10,629 --> 00:16:07,600
his mother and

322
00:16:13,829 --> 00:16:10,639
beverly early the next morning he was

323
00:16:15,829 --> 00:16:13,839
just 21 years old

324
00:16:18,710 --> 00:16:15,839
unbelievable story on this day in

325
00:16:21,509 --> 00:16:18,720
history otd 1869

326
00:16:22,790 --> 00:16:21,519
the transcontinental railroad is

327
00:16:26,389 --> 00:16:22,800
completed

328
00:16:28,629 --> 00:16:26,399
unifying the united states no longer

329
00:16:29,590 --> 00:16:28,639
would western-bound travelers need to

330
00:16:33,749 --> 00:16:29,600
take that long

331
00:16:37,509 --> 00:16:33,759
and dangerous journey by wagon train

332
00:16:39,990 --> 00:16:37,519
that's a big deal fader fact now this

333
00:16:42,069 --> 00:16:40,000
here you go it's that time of the night

334
00:16:47,189 --> 00:16:42,079
fader fact

335
00:16:51,110 --> 00:16:47,199
adidas otherwise known as adidas adidas

336
00:16:53,990 --> 00:16:51,120
bought their three stripe design

337
00:16:55,590 --> 00:16:54,000
from a finnish sportswear company called

338
00:16:59,430 --> 00:16:55,600
car who

339
00:17:01,430 --> 00:16:59,440
they bought the design for two bottles

340
00:17:06,870 --> 00:17:01,440
of whiskey

341
00:17:11,990 --> 00:17:09,829
and that is your fader fact that's a

342
00:17:13,510 --> 00:17:12,000
true story

343
00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:13,520
that is unbelievable tonight very

344
00:17:17,669 --> 00:17:15,520
special guest professor

345
00:17:19,270 --> 00:17:17,679
avi loeb joins us for a discussion on

346
00:17:21,590 --> 00:17:19,280
the size of everything

347
00:17:22,470 --> 00:17:21,600
it is a full-on classroom situation

348
00:17:24,549 --> 00:17:22,480
coming up

349
00:17:26,630 --> 00:17:24,559
tomorrow night alan steinfeld is here

350
00:17:29,029 --> 00:17:26,640
for the first time

351
00:17:30,789 --> 00:17:29,039
and uh it's funny because alan's like

352
00:17:32,710 --> 00:17:30,799
man jimmy it's been 10 years man can we

353
00:17:34,310 --> 00:17:32,720
finally do this i said yes

354
00:17:36,870 --> 00:17:34,320
because he's got a new book out it's

355
00:17:38,909 --> 00:17:36,880
great it's called making contact

356
00:17:40,070 --> 00:17:38,919
preparing for the new realities of

357
00:17:43,270 --> 00:17:40,080
extraterrestrial

358
00:17:44,230 --> 00:17:43,280
existence and wednesday night another

359
00:17:47,029 --> 00:17:44,240
first time guest

360
00:17:49,750 --> 00:17:47,039
nancy tremaine is with us she's got a

361
00:17:51,990 --> 00:17:49,760
new book out too this is new book week

362
00:17:53,110 --> 00:17:52,000
it seems she's got a new book out it's

363
00:17:55,510 --> 00:17:53,120
called enlightened

364
00:17:56,390 --> 00:17:55,520
chapters of my life and then thursday

365
00:17:58,710 --> 00:17:56,400
night

366
00:18:00,470 --> 00:17:58,720
that's right jacques valet and paola

367
00:18:03,190 --> 00:18:00,480
harris are here

368
00:18:05,350 --> 00:18:03,200
for an exclusive announcement and

369
00:18:08,870 --> 00:18:05,360
evening here on fade to black

370
00:18:12,150 --> 00:18:08,880
about their new book trinity the best

371
00:18:14,669 --> 00:18:12,160
kept secret all right now let me hit

372
00:18:16,230 --> 00:18:14,679
this river moon coffee once again

373
00:18:17,870 --> 00:18:16,240
rivermoonwellness.com

374
00:18:19,909 --> 00:18:17,880
good go to our website go to

375
00:18:21,350 --> 00:18:19,919
jimmychurchradio.com all of the river

376
00:18:23,590 --> 00:18:21,360
moon links

377
00:18:25,190 --> 00:18:23,600
are right there the amazon store the

378
00:18:27,270 --> 00:18:25,200
website

379
00:18:28,430 --> 00:18:27,280
uh all of our black moon products

380
00:18:30,310 --> 00:18:28,440
everything is right there at

381
00:18:31,669 --> 00:18:30,320
jimmychurchradio.com go support the show

382
00:18:40,830 --> 00:18:31,679
get yourself the best coffee in the

383
00:18:46,950 --> 00:18:43,909
well adidas

384
00:18:49,190 --> 00:18:46,960
yeah there it is right there

385
00:18:50,150 --> 00:18:49,200
that's good that's carhoo yeah it's

386
00:18:53,270 --> 00:18:50,160
crazy isn't it

387
00:18:59,909 --> 00:18:53,280
yeah true story it's a fact

388
00:19:06,230 --> 00:19:02,950
well this past

389
00:19:08,230 --> 00:19:06,240
ufo friday certainly didn't disappoint

390
00:19:11,590 --> 00:19:08,240
over the weekend did it

391
00:19:13,590 --> 00:19:11,600
as the internet blew up with the news

392
00:19:16,230 --> 00:19:13,600
that jacques valet and paula harris have

393
00:19:18,390 --> 00:19:16,240
a new book coming out

394
00:19:20,789 --> 00:19:18,400
it is called trinity the best kept

395
00:19:24,870 --> 00:19:20,799
secret

396
00:19:28,549 --> 00:19:24,880
and it all went viral it's cover

397
00:19:29,909 --> 00:19:28,559
the cover went viral and the rumors

398
00:19:32,950 --> 00:19:29,919
around it were equally

399
00:19:36,390 --> 00:19:32,960
just as viral it's crazy a lot of fun

400
00:19:38,710 --> 00:19:36,400
a lot of fun and uh

401
00:19:39,750 --> 00:19:38,720
jock said today said to me jimmy's like

402
00:19:41,830 --> 00:19:39,760
playing whack-a-mole

403
00:19:42,789 --> 00:19:41,840
with the rumors i said man you ain't

404
00:19:47,830 --> 00:19:42,799
lying

405
00:19:53,110 --> 00:19:51,110
the rumors were crazy and uh

406
00:19:55,590 --> 00:19:53,120
one of them oh man it was up on jock's

407
00:19:57,190 --> 00:19:55,600
site and then it was pulled down

408
00:19:59,669 --> 00:19:57,200
and that right there is cause for a new

409
00:20:02,789 --> 00:19:59,679
conspiracy theory right now i get it

410
00:20:05,270 --> 00:20:02,799
and then of course it was the subject of

411
00:20:08,549 --> 00:20:05,280
the book a ufo crash

412
00:20:11,669 --> 00:20:08,559
and retrieval that predates roswell

413
00:20:13,350 --> 00:20:11,679
by two years right and you've got

414
00:20:14,950 --> 00:20:13,360
everything that goes along with it

415
00:20:17,990 --> 00:20:14,960
you've got a government cover-up you've

416
00:20:20,549 --> 00:20:18,000
got witnesses you've got debris

417
00:20:22,789 --> 00:20:20,559
and a book like this from any other

418
00:20:24,710 --> 00:20:22,799
author or authors

419
00:20:26,310 --> 00:20:24,720
probably would not get that much

420
00:20:29,510 --> 00:20:26,320
attention

421
00:20:32,549 --> 00:20:29,520
if any at all but

422
00:20:36,310 --> 00:20:32,559
this is jacques vale and paula harris

423
00:20:41,909 --> 00:20:36,320
so it was like here we go

424
00:20:48,070 --> 00:20:45,590
yes is the answer before you ask the

425
00:20:49,830 --> 00:20:48,080
question because i know what you want i

426
00:20:51,750 --> 00:20:49,840
i know what you're thinking yeah which

427
00:20:53,110 --> 00:20:51,760
is you know jimmy did you know about

428
00:20:55,590 --> 00:20:53,120
this

429
00:20:57,270 --> 00:20:55,600
well yeah sorta i did i knew that paula

430
00:20:58,310 --> 00:20:57,280
had been working on this for a number of

431
00:21:00,390 --> 00:20:58,320
years

432
00:21:02,149 --> 00:21:00,400
and yes i knew that they were working on

433
00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:02,159
a book together

434
00:21:05,590 --> 00:21:03,840
uh they both have told me this over the

435
00:21:09,190 --> 00:21:05,600
last year or so but no

436
00:21:12,950 --> 00:21:09,200
i didn't know the specifics no

437
00:21:16,950 --> 00:21:12,960
i didn't i did speak with jacques impala

438
00:21:19,909 --> 00:21:16,960
um at length earlier today

439
00:21:21,750 --> 00:21:19,919
and and i'll say this they both wanted

440
00:21:23,350 --> 00:21:21,760
to come on the show as soon as possible

441
00:21:25,830 --> 00:21:23,360
to put the rumors to rest

442
00:21:27,669 --> 00:21:25,840
that was first and out front and you

443
00:21:28,070 --> 00:21:27,679
know i said absolutely you know let's do

444
00:21:29,430 --> 00:21:28,080
this

445
00:21:30,950 --> 00:21:29,440
and of course they want to announce the

446
00:21:31,990 --> 00:21:30,960
date that the book is going to be

447
00:21:33,669 --> 00:21:32,000
published

448
00:21:35,270 --> 00:21:33,679
there's been a few dates that have been

449
00:21:36,710 --> 00:21:35,280
thrown around there and the rumors i

450
00:21:38,390 --> 00:21:36,720
know the date but i'm not going to say

451
00:21:41,350 --> 00:21:38,400
anything we're going to wait until

452
00:21:43,669 --> 00:21:41,360
thursday but another thing i would like

453
00:21:47,110 --> 00:21:43,679
to add is this

454
00:21:50,390 --> 00:21:47,120
we all know that

455
00:21:51,510 --> 00:21:50,400
paola harris is a great investigator and

456
00:21:53,990 --> 00:21:51,520
a researcher

457
00:21:55,750 --> 00:21:54,000
she's been at this for a very long time

458
00:21:57,190 --> 00:21:55,760
going back to jay allen heineke that's

459
00:21:59,190 --> 00:21:57,200
that's the number one and two

460
00:22:00,549 --> 00:21:59,200
she has many sources and contacts

461
00:22:03,510 --> 00:22:00,559
throughout the world she's been doing

462
00:22:07,110 --> 00:22:03,520
this for a very long time

463
00:22:08,710 --> 00:22:07,120
and the same goes for jacques

464
00:22:11,750 --> 00:22:08,720
we all know that when he gets involved

465
00:22:15,350 --> 00:22:11,760
in something he's not playing around

466
00:22:18,710 --> 00:22:15,360
and if you go back look at

467
00:22:21,510 --> 00:22:18,720
look at his books look at what

468
00:22:22,789 --> 00:22:21,520
he has released over the years and it's

469
00:22:25,990 --> 00:22:22,799
not just been

470
00:22:28,230 --> 00:22:26,000
you know ufos and et in contact

471
00:22:29,430 --> 00:22:28,240
those are some of the best books in all

472
00:22:31,270 --> 00:22:29,440
of ufology

473
00:22:34,470 --> 00:22:31,280
you know and they all come from shock

474
00:22:37,029 --> 00:22:34,480
but it's his vast amount of work

475
00:22:37,750 --> 00:22:37,039
and the subjects that he is interested

476
00:22:41,430 --> 00:22:37,760
in

477
00:22:43,750 --> 00:22:41,440
and he has got the respect

478
00:22:45,669 --> 00:22:43,760
you know so we know you know and when

479
00:22:47,110 --> 00:22:45,679
when when the rumors about this started

480
00:22:49,430 --> 00:22:47,120
and i get it

481
00:22:51,029 --> 00:22:49,440
you know okay so you've got paula there

482
00:22:53,190 --> 00:22:51,039
right we expect

483
00:22:54,390 --> 00:22:53,200
uh this kind of research coming from her

484
00:22:56,549 --> 00:22:54,400
we do

485
00:22:59,190 --> 00:22:56,559
right that's what she does and then when

486
00:23:00,630 --> 00:22:59,200
you get jacques tied to it and what he

487
00:23:02,149 --> 00:23:00,640
brings to the game

488
00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:02,159
that's going to get everybody's

489
00:23:05,110 --> 00:23:04,720
attention these two are releasing this

490
00:23:07,990 --> 00:23:05,120
book

491
00:23:09,750 --> 00:23:08,000
together as co-authors this is a big

492
00:23:12,710 --> 00:23:09,760
deal man

493
00:23:13,990 --> 00:23:12,720
this is not you know and with everything

494
00:23:16,149 --> 00:23:14,000
that has been going on

495
00:23:17,430 --> 00:23:16,159
in and around the ufo community this

496
00:23:19,510 --> 00:23:17,440
last month

497
00:23:21,190 --> 00:23:19,520
you know the whole you know what does

498
00:23:24,470 --> 00:23:21,200
the government really know

499
00:23:28,149 --> 00:23:24,480
question well

500
00:23:31,270 --> 00:23:28,159
we get this potentially huge news

501
00:23:34,310 --> 00:23:31,280
now a story this big

502
00:23:36,630 --> 00:23:34,320
with its possible implications

503
00:23:37,590 --> 00:23:36,640
you know have to rely on a few things

504
00:23:40,710 --> 00:23:37,600
and we know this

505
00:23:44,149 --> 00:23:40,720
and first the witnesses

506
00:23:47,350 --> 00:23:44,159
what have we got it's number one

507
00:23:50,549 --> 00:23:47,360
number two a paper trail

508
00:23:54,630 --> 00:23:50,559
what have we got gotta have that

509
00:23:58,230 --> 00:23:54,640
and third physical evidence

510
00:23:58,710 --> 00:23:58,240
if we go back to roswell we certainly

511
00:24:02,149 --> 00:23:58,720
had

512
00:24:05,510 --> 00:24:02,159
all three witnesses

513
00:24:07,590 --> 00:24:05,520
can't even count them the amount of

514
00:24:09,350 --> 00:24:07,600
evidence and paper trail out there on

515
00:24:11,669 --> 00:24:09,360
roswell

516
00:24:13,750 --> 00:24:11,679
and stacks of it starting with the

517
00:24:16,950 --> 00:24:13,760
roswell daily record

518
00:24:19,909 --> 00:24:16,960
right and and third

519
00:24:21,190 --> 00:24:19,919
the physical evidence uh we have

520
00:24:23,510 --> 00:24:21,200
photographs

521
00:24:24,789 --> 00:24:23,520
of fake physical evidence it doesn't get

522
00:24:28,630 --> 00:24:24,799
any better than that

523
00:24:31,990 --> 00:24:28,640
does it you know um

524
00:24:35,909 --> 00:24:32,000
what will valet and harris

525
00:24:37,909 --> 00:24:35,919
present to the world right

526
00:24:39,750 --> 00:24:37,919
well we'll have to wait for the book to

527
00:24:41,830 --> 00:24:39,760
come out number one

528
00:24:43,269 --> 00:24:41,840
and i should have it in my hot little

529
00:24:45,510 --> 00:24:43,279
hands

530
00:24:47,590 --> 00:24:45,520
later this week and that's that's

531
00:24:47,909 --> 00:24:47,600
because i do this show and i get this

532
00:24:50,230 --> 00:24:47,919
stuff

533
00:24:51,350 --> 00:24:50,240
in advance but i'll have it i'll have it

534
00:24:53,510 --> 00:24:51,360
later on this week

535
00:24:55,430 --> 00:24:53,520
in time for the show with them on

536
00:24:58,870 --> 00:24:55,440
thursday night

537
00:25:00,710 --> 00:24:58,880
when i will be able to ask all of the

538
00:25:03,669 --> 00:25:00,720
right questions

539
00:25:04,310 --> 00:25:03,679
like man i know what everybody's

540
00:25:06,149 --> 00:25:04,320
thinking too

541
00:25:07,830 --> 00:25:06,159
jimmy come on don't mess this up and i'm

542
00:25:11,269 --> 00:25:07,840
not because

543
00:25:14,630 --> 00:25:11,279
i want to know when

544
00:25:16,710 --> 00:25:14,640
what did you find out about trinity

545
00:25:19,269 --> 00:25:16,720
what did you find out this is explosive

546
00:25:22,470 --> 00:25:19,279
news who disclosed it to

547
00:25:25,190 --> 00:25:22,480
you right where did that come from

548
00:25:27,269 --> 00:25:25,200
how many witnesses do we have right at

549
00:25:29,190 --> 00:25:27,279
this point this 2021 that happened in

550
00:25:30,789 --> 00:25:29,200
1945.

551
00:25:33,350 --> 00:25:30,799
all right so how many witnesses are

552
00:25:36,950 --> 00:25:33,360
still alive

553
00:25:39,190 --> 00:25:36,960
right what is the evidence i've seen

554
00:25:41,190 --> 00:25:39,200
what everybody has posted i've seen that

555
00:25:43,350 --> 00:25:41,200
i've gotten all the emails from all of

556
00:25:45,190 --> 00:25:43,360
you i've been reading it i get that

557
00:25:46,470 --> 00:25:45,200
so what is the evidence what is the

558
00:25:48,230 --> 00:25:46,480
debris

559
00:25:50,549 --> 00:25:48,240
i've seen those images too and i've

560
00:25:54,230 --> 00:25:50,559
heard the chatter too

561
00:25:57,430 --> 00:25:54,240
so and of course with the debris

562
00:26:01,350 --> 00:25:57,440
if yes and we have to assume that the

563
00:26:03,990 --> 00:26:01,360
answer is yes has it been tested

564
00:26:05,510 --> 00:26:04,000
that is one of the things that jacques

565
00:26:08,549 --> 00:26:05,520
does

566
00:26:09,029 --> 00:26:08,559
we know this and he has stated before in

567
00:26:11,350 --> 00:26:09,039
the show

568
00:26:13,029 --> 00:26:11,360
he's stated to me personally he stated

569
00:26:16,470 --> 00:26:13,039
out there in public

570
00:26:18,789 --> 00:26:16,480
many times that he has got debris

571
00:26:20,870 --> 00:26:18,799
you've seen the movie phenomenon right

572
00:26:22,149 --> 00:26:20,880
and that's what jock is all about is

573
00:26:23,990 --> 00:26:22,159
testing

574
00:26:26,710 --> 00:26:24,000
so is that going to be part of this book

575
00:26:29,269 --> 00:26:26,720
i don't know haven't read the book yet

576
00:26:31,510 --> 00:26:29,279
okay but we're going to find out all of

577
00:26:34,950 --> 00:26:31,520
this on thursday night

578
00:26:35,990 --> 00:26:34,960
and this reminds me if you think about

579
00:26:38,390 --> 00:26:36,000
it

580
00:26:41,269 --> 00:26:38,400
this reminds me so much about the early

581
00:26:43,190 --> 00:26:41,279
days into the roswell investigation

582
00:26:44,549 --> 00:26:43,200
you know there's so much to do there's

583
00:26:46,870 --> 00:26:44,559
so many questions

584
00:26:49,430 --> 00:26:46,880
and the excitement behind it all you

585
00:26:53,350 --> 00:26:49,440
know and that's not even the best part

586
00:26:56,070 --> 00:26:53,360
the best part everybody and listen to me

587
00:26:56,950 --> 00:26:56,080
is that this is coming from our

588
00:26:59,590 --> 00:26:56,960
community

589
00:27:01,350 --> 00:26:59,600
this is not coming from ttsa it's not

590
00:27:03,350 --> 00:27:01,360
coming from the pentagon or the

591
00:27:07,909 --> 00:27:03,360
department of defense

592
00:27:11,190 --> 00:27:07,919
no this is us getting it done

593
00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:11,200
as it should be these are exciting times

594
00:27:14,549 --> 00:27:13,360
and to be honest when jacques said to me

595
00:27:16,870 --> 00:27:14,559
earlier today

596
00:27:18,070 --> 00:27:16,880
he said i'm quoting he said you know

597
00:27:21,190 --> 00:27:18,080
jimmy

598
00:27:23,029 --> 00:27:21,200
this is big this is huge

599
00:27:25,909 --> 00:27:23,039
and i can't wait to tell you all about

600
00:27:29,190 --> 00:27:25,919
it right

601
00:27:33,510 --> 00:27:29,200
it scared the crap out of me i'm not

602
00:27:37,029 --> 00:27:33,520
joking so here we go another great

603
00:27:40,710 --> 00:27:37,039
week on fade to black unbelievable

604
00:27:43,510 --> 00:27:40,720
starting with right tonight professor

605
00:27:44,549 --> 00:27:43,520
avi loeb is here tonight it's a

606
00:27:48,630 --> 00:27:44,559
classroom

607
00:27:50,310 --> 00:27:48,640
discussion

608
00:27:52,149 --> 00:27:50,320
is the size of everything tomorrow night

609
00:27:53,510 --> 00:27:52,159
alan steinfeld is here his new book

610
00:27:55,110 --> 00:27:53,520
making contact

611
00:27:56,710 --> 00:27:55,120
wednesday night another first time guest

612
00:27:58,630 --> 00:27:56,720
nancy tremaine is here thursday night

613
00:28:02,389 --> 00:27:58,640
jack vale and paula harris

614
00:28:06,230 --> 00:28:02,399
and now here's my announcement

615
00:28:09,350 --> 00:28:06,240
this conversation with avi was recorded

616
00:28:11,990 --> 00:28:09,360
right before the show tonight

617
00:28:13,110 --> 00:28:12,000
we actually wrapped a few minutes before

618
00:28:17,110 --> 00:28:13,120
show time

619
00:28:21,430 --> 00:28:17,120
this interview is live this conversation

620
00:28:23,510 --> 00:28:21,440
is live but avi had to be up early

621
00:28:24,789 --> 00:28:23,520
he's a teacher he's got to be up early

622
00:28:26,630 --> 00:28:24,799
can't stay up late

623
00:28:27,830 --> 00:28:26,640
hanging out with fade to black live on

624
00:28:30,389 --> 00:28:27,840
the air and

625
00:28:31,350 --> 00:28:30,399
he said jimmy man can we just do a pre-k

626
00:28:32,789 --> 00:28:31,360
can we can we

627
00:28:34,950 --> 00:28:32,799
you know i'll stay up with you if you're

628
00:28:38,070 --> 00:28:34,960
gonna make me do it but please

629
00:28:40,630 --> 00:28:38,080
and i said hey you know what let's do it

630
00:28:41,830 --> 00:28:40,640
because i'll be able to go and hang out

631
00:28:45,830 --> 00:28:41,840
on twitter

632
00:28:48,549 --> 00:28:45,840
and youtube all night tonight

633
00:28:49,510 --> 00:28:48,559
and really honestly i can't believe i'm

634
00:28:53,029 --> 00:28:49,520
doing this again

635
00:28:56,470 --> 00:28:53,039
i have only done uh four pre-records

636
00:28:59,110 --> 00:28:56,480
in nine years i've done two now

637
00:29:01,510 --> 00:28:59,120
in a week but it was a lot of fun over

638
00:29:03,029 --> 00:29:01,520
there on youtube and twitter last week

639
00:29:04,630 --> 00:29:03,039
so i'm looking forward to that again

640
00:29:06,149 --> 00:29:04,640
tonight let's hang out

641
00:29:08,310 --> 00:29:06,159
let's have a good time it's going to be

642
00:29:11,430 --> 00:29:08,320
awesome this conversation

643
00:29:13,990 --> 00:29:11,440
uh with avi and uh i

644
00:29:14,950 --> 00:29:14,000
i'm going to get to listen to it again

645
00:29:18,230 --> 00:29:14,960
was very

646
00:29:21,830 --> 00:29:18,240
wide-ranging and i wanted to

647
00:29:23,590 --> 00:29:21,840
for me everybody knows how uh i enjoy

648
00:29:24,870 --> 00:29:23,600
physics and studying science and trying

649
00:29:27,909 --> 00:29:24,880
to get answers

650
00:29:31,110 --> 00:29:27,919
this was an opportunity for me to

651
00:29:33,669 --> 00:29:31,120
to sit with one of the great professors

652
00:29:35,269 --> 00:29:33,679
and and theoretical and astrophysicists

653
00:29:38,230 --> 00:29:35,279
on this planet

654
00:29:39,590 --> 00:29:38,240
and ask the questions that i needed

655
00:29:42,789 --> 00:29:39,600
answers to

656
00:29:45,669 --> 00:29:42,799
and that's what we did tonight so enjoy

657
00:29:46,389 --> 00:29:45,679
all of it and uh there are some moments

658
00:29:48,950 --> 00:29:46,399
in this

659
00:29:50,789 --> 00:29:48,960
that are pretty amazing and i broke it

660
00:29:54,149 --> 00:29:50,799
down into four sections

661
00:29:55,430 --> 00:29:54,159
and i saved the last section for the

662
00:29:58,389 --> 00:29:55,440
questions about et

663
00:29:59,510 --> 00:29:58,399
and life and what is out there and how

664
00:30:02,470 --> 00:29:59,520
and why

665
00:30:04,070 --> 00:30:02,480
and when have we been visited this is an

666
00:30:06,389 --> 00:30:04,080
incredible conversation

667
00:30:07,669 --> 00:30:06,399
get ready for all of that avi loeb is

668
00:30:10,310 --> 00:30:07,679
our guest tonight

669
00:30:11,990 --> 00:30:10,320
and as soon as we get this started and

670
00:30:13,110 --> 00:30:12,000
we head to commercial break i'm going to

671
00:30:15,269 --> 00:30:13,120
jump over to

672
00:30:17,269 --> 00:30:15,279
youtube i'll be hanging out on twitter

673
00:30:17,830 --> 00:30:17,279
all night and we're going to be able to

674
00:30:20,070 --> 00:30:17,840
just

675
00:30:22,070 --> 00:30:20,080
have fun and ask some questions here we

676
00:30:23,750 --> 00:30:22,080
go this is fade to black i

677
00:30:26,710 --> 00:30:23,760
am your host jimmy church tonight avi

678
00:30:29,510 --> 00:30:26,720
loeb tomorrow night alan steinfeld

679
00:30:29,990 --> 00:30:29,520
wednesday night nancy tremaine thursday

680
00:30:32,549 --> 00:30:30,000
night

681
00:30:35,110 --> 00:30:32,559
jacques vale and paula harris i'm your

682
00:30:38,549 --> 00:30:35,120
host jimmy church this is fade to black

683
00:30:40,070 --> 00:30:38,559
on the game changer network and kgra

684
00:30:41,909 --> 00:30:40,080
the planet follow me right now on

685
00:30:59,830 --> 00:30:41,919
twitter i'm going to be there all night

686
00:31:04,230 --> 00:31:01,990
this is nicole church daughter of you

687
00:31:06,549 --> 00:31:04,240
know who and you're listening to fade to

688
00:31:10,630 --> 00:31:06,559
black on jimmychurchradio.com and the

689
00:31:17,029 --> 00:31:12,950
you're listening to jimmy church fade to

690
00:31:21,590 --> 00:31:19,269
fate to black will now pause for alien

691
00:31:28,310 --> 00:31:21,600
identification

692
00:31:32,070 --> 00:31:30,549
this is jimmy church and i'll be at the

693
00:31:35,029 --> 00:31:32,080
ufo megacon this

694
00:31:36,389 --> 00:31:35,039
june 6th through the 12th 2021 in

695
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laughlin nevada

696
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the laughlin ufo megacon is unique it's

697
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seven days of education and disclosure

698
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it's unlike all other ufo conferences

699
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the laughlin ufo mega conference

700
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specializes in bringing you new people

701
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offering new information and disclosure

702
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all of this is offered at prices so

703
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low you can actually afford to be there

704
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for instance

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708
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why the laughlin ufo mega conference

709
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710
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week or just a day or two

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but join us go to

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714
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register now the only thing keeping you

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from being with all of us

716
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719
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720
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721
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722
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724
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727
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729
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731
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733
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734
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this is jimmy church of fade to black

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and you can get our podcast for just

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two dollars per month all you have to do

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is click on the podcast banner

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over at jimmychurchradio.com

747
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hi folks it's trembling times and fear

748
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is pushing emotions

749
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which in turn pushes health the wrong

750
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direction do you ever get an ache

751
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because life is uneasy

752
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try life change tea get the tea.com life

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change tea works on your digestive tract

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helping to move food through

755
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quicker and comfortably so your health

756
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is spot on

757
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life change tea may not help with world

758
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issues but it will help with your

759
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digestive issues

760
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a glass a day helps keep the intruders

761
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away so

762
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change your life today log on to

763
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764
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765
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766
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get the tea.com and while you're on our

767
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768
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769
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sales shopper go to our specials page

770
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771
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drinking the tea for 12 years and i'm

772
00:34:49,349 --> 00:34:45,679
sure glad for its health benefits

773
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again that's get the tea.com get the tea

774
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775
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vader knots when you think about the

776
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future of our country and where we're

777
00:34:59,589 --> 00:34:58,640
headed do you wonder about the food

778
00:35:03,750 --> 00:34:59,599
supply

779
00:35:05,910 --> 00:35:03,760
chain could be disastrous

780
00:35:08,150 --> 00:35:05,920
and they usually occur with little

781
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warning that's why the smartest thing

782
00:35:12,310 --> 00:35:09,200
you can do today

783
00:35:14,710 --> 00:35:12,320
is to stockpile emergency food water

784
00:35:15,349 --> 00:35:14,720
and other essentials i personally

785
00:35:17,990 --> 00:35:15,359
recommend

786
00:35:20,470 --> 00:35:18,000
my patriot supply they're the nation's

787
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largest emergency preparedness company

788
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serving millions of customers for more

789
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than a decade

790
00:35:28,870 --> 00:35:26,240
in fact they're the only source my

791
00:35:32,069 --> 00:35:28,880
family trusts for our preparedness plan

792
00:35:34,550 --> 00:35:32,079
you should too right now save 20

793
00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:34,560
off a full four week supply of delicious

794
00:35:39,589 --> 00:35:36,000
meals that provide 2

795
00:35:42,550 --> 00:35:39,599
000 calories a day saving 20 helps too

796
00:35:44,790 --> 00:35:42,560
doesn't it especially now so go to

797
00:35:45,510 --> 00:35:44,800
prepare preparewithjimmy.com and get

798
00:35:48,790 --> 00:35:45,520
ready

799
00:35:50,150 --> 00:35:48,800
that's prepare with jimmy.com there's no

800
00:35:53,349 --> 00:35:50,160
time to lose

801
00:36:02,230 --> 00:35:58,390
nine out of ten geneticists agree

802
00:36:05,829 --> 00:36:02,240
fade to black is not

803
00:36:07,510 --> 00:36:05,839
your father's radio show on the game

804
00:36:12,150 --> 00:36:07,520
changer radio network

805
00:36:14,150 --> 00:36:12,160
and kgra the planet

806
00:36:18,710 --> 00:36:14,160
hi this is rob reiner from anvil and

807
00:36:21,589 --> 00:36:18,720
you're listening to jimmychurchradio.com

808
00:36:38,790 --> 00:36:21,599
what's up i'm chris what up this is

809
00:36:43,270 --> 00:36:40,710
all right welcome back fade to black i

810
00:36:46,230 --> 00:36:43,280
am your host jimmy church tonight

811
00:36:48,550 --> 00:36:46,240
professor avi love joins us and i want

812
00:36:50,470 --> 00:36:48,560
to remind everybody about what is going

813
00:36:52,630 --> 00:36:50,480
on with the rest of this week

814
00:36:53,750 --> 00:36:52,640
tomorrow night alan steinfeld is here

815
00:36:57,030 --> 00:36:53,760
for the first time to

816
00:36:58,790 --> 00:36:57,040
announce his new book making contact

817
00:37:01,030 --> 00:36:58,800
preparing for the new realities of

818
00:37:02,950 --> 00:37:01,040
extraterrestrial existence

819
00:37:04,150 --> 00:37:02,960
wednesday night another first time guest

820
00:37:07,430 --> 00:37:04,160
nancy tremaine

821
00:37:09,990 --> 00:37:07,440
is with us and her new book enlightened

822
00:37:10,710 --> 00:37:10,000
chapters of my life and then thursday

823
00:37:13,589 --> 00:37:10,720
night

824
00:37:14,150 --> 00:37:13,599
jacques valet and paola harris are here

825
00:37:17,030 --> 00:37:14,160
for the

826
00:37:17,430 --> 00:37:17,040
exclusive announcement about their new

827
00:37:20,550 --> 00:37:17,440
book

828
00:37:22,710 --> 00:37:20,560
it is called trinity the best kept

829
00:37:24,230 --> 00:37:22,720
secret but tonight it's harvard's

830
00:37:26,790 --> 00:37:24,240
professor avi loeb

831
00:37:28,310 --> 00:37:26,800
is joining us to take us back to school

832
00:37:28,950 --> 00:37:28,320
he's certainly going to take me to

833
00:37:30,230 --> 00:37:28,960
school

834
00:37:32,550 --> 00:37:30,240
we're going to have a full discussion

835
00:37:35,829 --> 00:37:32,560
tonight about the size and origins of

836
00:37:37,430 --> 00:37:35,839
everything our universe the milky way

837
00:37:38,870 --> 00:37:37,440
and yes we're going to jump into some

838
00:37:40,870 --> 00:37:38,880
big bang theory

839
00:37:42,069 --> 00:37:40,880
aviloba of course is a theoretical

840
00:37:45,190 --> 00:37:42,079
physicist who works on

841
00:37:46,710 --> 00:37:45,200
astrophysics and cosmology professor

842
00:37:49,190 --> 00:37:46,720
loeb is the frank b

843
00:37:50,230 --> 00:37:49,200
bear jr professor of science at harvard

844
00:37:52,390 --> 00:37:50,240
university

845
00:37:54,390 --> 00:37:52,400
he has been the longest serving chair of

846
00:37:56,150 --> 00:37:54,400
harvard's department of astronomy

847
00:37:57,990 --> 00:37:56,160
founding director of harvard's black

848
00:38:00,630 --> 00:37:58,000
hole initiative and director of the

849
00:38:02,790 --> 00:38:00,640
institute for theory and computation

850
00:38:04,310 --> 00:38:02,800
within the harvard smithsonian center

851
00:38:06,069 --> 00:38:04,320
for astrophysics

852
00:38:08,230 --> 00:38:06,079
he is the author of the best-selling

853
00:38:10,230 --> 00:38:08,240
book extraterrestrial the first sign of

854
00:38:11,589 --> 00:38:10,240
intelligent life beyond earth which i

855
00:38:13,349 --> 00:38:11,599
have read now

856
00:38:15,190 --> 00:38:13,359
at least 10 times i would like to

857
00:38:17,990 --> 00:38:15,200
welcome back to fade to black

858
00:38:19,109 --> 00:38:18,000
professor avi loeb avi good evening how

859
00:38:21,829 --> 00:38:19,119
are you

860
00:38:22,950 --> 00:38:21,839
thanks for having me and it's good it's

861
00:38:26,390 --> 00:38:22,960
good to have you back

862
00:38:27,990 --> 00:38:26,400
and there's a couple of things that i

863
00:38:31,670 --> 00:38:28,000
want to discuss tonight but

864
00:38:35,109 --> 00:38:31,680
here's the thing numbers change

865
00:38:36,069 --> 00:38:35,119
every single day how do you get

866
00:38:38,950 --> 00:38:36,079
acclimated

867
00:38:42,790 --> 00:38:38,960
how do you stay up on the changing

868
00:38:47,750 --> 00:38:45,510
well some of the numbers change because

869
00:38:49,750 --> 00:38:47,760
the universe is changing

870
00:38:51,349 --> 00:38:49,760
and we have to get used to that nothing

871
00:38:54,630 --> 00:38:51,359
stays forever

872
00:38:57,270 --> 00:38:54,640
uh other numbers change because we get

873
00:38:58,470 --> 00:38:57,280
better data better evidence so we know

874
00:39:01,589 --> 00:38:58,480
better what

875
00:39:04,310 --> 00:39:01,599
the correct numbers are i just follow

876
00:39:05,270 --> 00:39:04,320
the updates and i have no problem

877
00:39:09,589 --> 00:39:05,280
adapting to

878
00:39:11,910 --> 00:39:09,599
changing numbers uh it's part of life

879
00:39:14,710 --> 00:39:11,920
you know even the universe at large is

880
00:39:19,030 --> 00:39:14,720
not remaining the same the sun will

881
00:39:22,550 --> 00:39:19,040
die in about 7 billion years

882
00:39:24,790 --> 00:39:22,560
the universe itself is expanding and

883
00:39:26,470 --> 00:39:24,800
will look very different 10 billion

884
00:39:28,470 --> 00:39:26,480
years from now

885
00:39:30,150 --> 00:39:28,480
so we just have to get used to it that

886
00:39:33,670 --> 00:39:30,160
nothing stays forever

887
00:39:37,230 --> 00:39:33,680
is there i have to know in your circle

888
00:39:39,270 --> 00:39:37,240
of friends you know your your

889
00:39:41,310 --> 00:39:39,280
astrophysicist friends your circle of

890
00:39:42,470 --> 00:39:41,320
friends do you guys have a central

891
00:39:45,589 --> 00:39:42,480
depository

892
00:39:49,109 --> 00:39:45,599
of information where numbers are there

893
00:39:52,630 --> 00:39:49,119
that you all draw from

894
00:39:56,230 --> 00:39:52,640
yeah it depends on the context but um

895
00:39:58,870 --> 00:39:56,240
definitely there are some summaries of

896
00:40:01,510 --> 00:39:58,880
the numbers we agree on for example

897
00:40:02,390 --> 00:40:01,520
the the fundamental parameters of the

898
00:40:05,430 --> 00:40:02,400
universe what

899
00:40:07,670 --> 00:40:05,440
are the constituents of matter

900
00:40:09,829 --> 00:40:07,680
and otherwise in the universe you know

901
00:40:11,190 --> 00:40:09,839
these numbers are measured to exquisite

902
00:40:15,109 --> 00:40:11,200
the precision by now

903
00:40:17,990 --> 00:40:15,119
uh using the the radiation that was left

904
00:40:20,309 --> 00:40:18,000
over from the big bang and uh there are

905
00:40:22,470 --> 00:40:20,319
tables summarizing those numbers with

906
00:40:24,069 --> 00:40:22,480
the uncertainties that are quite small

907
00:40:27,670 --> 00:40:24,079
they're of the order of a percent

908
00:40:30,390 --> 00:40:27,680
now and we are in the uh realm of

909
00:40:31,190 --> 00:40:30,400
uh precision cosmology the study of the

910
00:40:34,550 --> 00:40:31,200
universe

911
00:40:36,069 --> 00:40:34,560
is now getting into you know the really

912
00:40:39,589 --> 00:40:36,079
fundamental questions of

913
00:40:40,309 --> 00:40:39,599
how things started what the matter is

914
00:40:43,030 --> 00:40:40,319
made of

915
00:40:44,710 --> 00:40:43,040
um but we pretty much know the

916
00:40:47,750 --> 00:40:44,720
quantities

917
00:40:48,550 --> 00:40:47,760
the uh the changing numbers and the

918
00:40:52,069 --> 00:40:48,560
reason why

919
00:40:54,550 --> 00:40:52,079
i'm so concerned with this is

920
00:40:55,510 --> 00:40:54,560
the rest of the world pop culture right

921
00:40:58,790 --> 00:40:55,520
now is

922
00:41:00,790 --> 00:40:58,800
interested in science like never before

923
00:41:02,390 --> 00:41:00,800
and they are hearing numbers and

924
00:41:05,349 --> 00:41:02,400
different reports

925
00:41:07,349 --> 00:41:05,359
um do they i'm talking about the rest of

926
00:41:10,870 --> 00:41:07,359
the world right the status quo

927
00:41:14,150 --> 00:41:10,880
do do they understand how big everything

928
00:41:14,790 --> 00:41:14,160
really is or is it starting to get maybe

929
00:41:17,510 --> 00:41:14,800
a little

930
00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:17,520
numbing and they don't understand how

931
00:41:20,630 --> 00:41:19,520
big the universe or our milky way really

932
00:41:23,750 --> 00:41:20,640
is

933
00:41:27,510 --> 00:41:23,760
world

934
00:41:28,470 --> 00:41:27,520
like actors put on a stage uh without a

935
00:41:31,030 --> 00:41:28,480
script we

936
00:41:32,470 --> 00:41:31,040
we don't really know much and we tend to

937
00:41:34,309 --> 00:41:32,480
think that the play is about

938
00:41:36,710 --> 00:41:34,319
us and you know if you go back a

939
00:41:38,790 --> 00:41:36,720
thousand or two thousand years

940
00:41:39,829 --> 00:41:38,800
humans used to think that the world

941
00:41:43,510 --> 00:41:39,839
centers on us

942
00:41:45,030 --> 00:41:43,520
uh the ancient philosopher aristotle

943
00:41:45,750 --> 00:41:45,040
argued that that there are spheres

944
00:41:48,470 --> 00:41:45,760
around us

945
00:41:49,349 --> 00:41:48,480
and for a thousand years people believed

946
00:41:52,150 --> 00:41:49,359
him and

947
00:41:53,349 --> 00:41:52,160
until copernicus and galileo realized by

948
00:41:55,910 --> 00:41:53,359
looking through the

949
00:41:56,470 --> 00:41:55,920
their telescope collecting data that in

950
00:41:59,589 --> 00:41:56,480
fact

951
00:42:02,630 --> 00:41:59,599
we are not at the center uh of of the

952
00:42:04,950 --> 00:42:02,640
world of the universe and um and

953
00:42:06,710 --> 00:42:04,960
the one thing to recognize is you know

954
00:42:09,829 --> 00:42:06,720
the stage is huge

955
00:42:11,030 --> 00:42:09,839
uh it cannot be about us and moreover we

956
00:42:14,230 --> 00:42:11,040
live just for us

957
00:42:16,230 --> 00:42:14,240
about a hundred years at best and that's

958
00:42:18,870 --> 00:42:16,240
one part in 100 million

959
00:42:19,750 --> 00:42:18,880
of the age of the universe so we've been

960
00:42:23,190 --> 00:42:19,760
witnessing

961
00:42:24,790 --> 00:42:23,200
only the very last bit of of the history

962
00:42:26,309 --> 00:42:24,800
of the universe you know one part in a

963
00:42:29,030 --> 00:42:26,319
hundred million

964
00:42:30,069 --> 00:42:29,040
so not only the stage is huge you know

965
00:42:34,870 --> 00:42:30,079
it's 10 to the power

966
00:42:37,270 --> 00:42:34,880
26 one with 26 zeros afterwards

967
00:42:39,349 --> 00:42:37,280
bigger than the size of our body but

968
00:42:40,309 --> 00:42:39,359
also the play has been going around for

969
00:42:43,190 --> 00:42:40,319
much longer

970
00:42:43,750 --> 00:42:43,200
before we came to exist so so we are

971
00:42:47,109 --> 00:42:43,760
this

972
00:42:49,430 --> 00:42:47,119
is clearly a message that we are playing

973
00:42:51,109 --> 00:42:49,440
no no significant role in this we are

974
00:42:53,030 --> 00:42:51,119
not the central players

975
00:42:54,550 --> 00:42:53,040
and it's not about us and you know

976
00:42:56,150 --> 00:42:54,560
that's that's the first thing we should

977
00:42:58,710 --> 00:42:56,160
recognize that we are not

978
00:43:01,030 --> 00:42:58,720
the main actors and and the next thing

979
00:43:03,510 --> 00:43:01,040
for us to recognize is of course

980
00:43:05,030 --> 00:43:03,520
uh that maybe we should search if there

981
00:43:08,870 --> 00:43:05,040
are other actors around

982
00:43:10,870 --> 00:43:08,880
and and see um maybe they know

983
00:43:12,390 --> 00:43:10,880
maybe they have a better idea about what

984
00:43:15,430 --> 00:43:12,400
the play is about

985
00:43:19,270 --> 00:43:15,440
now now when when we

986
00:43:22,870 --> 00:43:19,280
see and i mean us when we see the images

987
00:43:26,309 --> 00:43:22,880
of our milky way i think

988
00:43:30,710 --> 00:43:26,319
we see it as a very small place

989
00:43:34,870 --> 00:43:30,720
that it's not that big and the truth is

990
00:43:38,630 --> 00:43:34,880
our little galaxy is ginormous

991
00:43:41,510 --> 00:43:38,640
it's really big isn't it yeah it's

992
00:43:43,589 --> 00:43:41,520
the region that we can see the light

993
00:43:45,589 --> 00:43:43,599
that we can see from stars extends to

994
00:43:48,630 --> 00:43:45,599
tens of thousands of

995
00:43:49,349 --> 00:43:48,640
light years away but from us but in fact

996
00:43:52,470 --> 00:43:49,359
the milky way

997
00:43:54,710 --> 00:43:52,480
is even bigger it's uh hundreds of

998
00:43:58,230 --> 00:43:54,720
thousands of light years big

999
00:43:58,870 --> 00:43:58,240
there is a hello of a matter that we

1000
00:44:01,109 --> 00:43:58,880
can't see

1001
00:44:03,030 --> 00:44:01,119
it's called dark matter which makes most

1002
00:44:05,510 --> 00:44:03,040
of the matter in the universe

1003
00:44:06,630 --> 00:44:05,520
we just label it as dark matter because

1004
00:44:09,829 --> 00:44:06,640
it doesn't

1005
00:44:12,630 --> 00:44:09,839
emit any light or scatter any light

1006
00:44:14,150 --> 00:44:12,640
we don't know what it's made of and uh

1007
00:44:18,230 --> 00:44:14,160
we've been searching for

1008
00:44:19,750 --> 00:44:18,240
four decades various types of particles

1009
00:44:20,710 --> 00:44:19,760
we didn't find them we didn't detect

1010
00:44:22,390 --> 00:44:20,720
them

1011
00:44:24,230 --> 00:44:22,400
hundreds of millions of dollars were

1012
00:44:26,470 --> 00:44:24,240
invested in experiments trying to detect

1013
00:44:28,230 --> 00:44:26,480
the dark matter without success so

1014
00:44:29,990 --> 00:44:28,240
that's one of the mysteries about the

1015
00:44:33,030 --> 00:44:30,000
universe what most of the matter

1016
00:44:36,069 --> 00:44:33,040
is uh it looks like there is five times

1017
00:44:39,109 --> 00:44:36,079
more matter than the one that we can see

1018
00:44:42,150 --> 00:44:39,119
now the last

1019
00:44:45,270 --> 00:44:42,160
measurements that i'm aware of

1020
00:44:48,470 --> 00:44:45,280
uh the guesstimate which is pretty solid

1021
00:44:51,270 --> 00:44:48,480
the milky way is about 150 000

1022
00:44:51,990 --> 00:44:51,280
light years across that's huge i mean

1023
00:44:54,950 --> 00:44:52,000
that's

1024
00:44:57,670 --> 00:44:54,960
our near celestial neighbor as we know a

1025
00:45:00,790 --> 00:44:57,680
near star system proxima centauri

1026
00:45:03,990 --> 00:45:00,800
is four and a half light years away that

1027
00:45:07,190 --> 00:45:04,000
is the closest neighbor that's a long

1028
00:45:08,470 --> 00:45:07,200
ways from us if we're 150 000 light

1029
00:45:11,349 --> 00:45:08,480
years across

1030
00:45:13,589 --> 00:45:11,359
what are the latest counts of actual

1031
00:45:16,150 --> 00:45:13,599
stars in the milky way

1032
00:45:17,190 --> 00:45:16,160
oh they extend the close to that

1033
00:45:20,470 --> 00:45:17,200
distance

1034
00:45:22,230 --> 00:45:20,480
in fact now the milky way seems to

1035
00:45:23,990 --> 00:45:22,240
i mean is estimated to extend it a

1036
00:45:26,870 --> 00:45:24,000
little farther than that and

1037
00:45:27,349 --> 00:45:26,880
there is another sister galaxy that is

1038
00:45:30,710 --> 00:45:27,359
uh

1039
00:45:32,870 --> 00:45:30,720
roughly grazing the milky way right now

1040
00:45:35,990 --> 00:45:32,880
it's called the andromeda

1041
00:45:37,910 --> 00:45:36,000
and it's on its path

1042
00:45:40,069 --> 00:45:37,920
towards a collision with the milky way

1043
00:45:42,150 --> 00:45:40,079
so in a few billion years the two

1044
00:45:45,430 --> 00:45:42,160
galaxies will collide

1045
00:45:46,150 --> 00:45:45,440
and the stars inside the them will mix

1046
00:45:53,349 --> 00:45:46,160
up

1047
00:45:55,190 --> 00:45:53,359
milk omeda which is the merger product

1048
00:45:58,790 --> 00:45:55,200
of the milky way in andromeda and

1049
00:46:01,750 --> 00:45:58,800
it would look sort of like a football

1050
00:46:02,710 --> 00:46:01,760
not the like the milky way looks right

1051
00:46:06,230 --> 00:46:02,720
now which is

1052
00:46:08,069 --> 00:46:06,240
uh a disc or a plate uh uh so both the

1053
00:46:10,309 --> 00:46:08,079
milky way and andromeda look like

1054
00:46:12,630 --> 00:46:10,319
discs but when they will merge they will

1055
00:46:15,430 --> 00:46:12,640
create something that is rounder

1056
00:46:17,670 --> 00:46:15,440
uh sort of like a football and that is

1057
00:46:19,670 --> 00:46:17,680
called an elliptical galaxy when we see

1058
00:46:21,670 --> 00:46:19,680
those galaxies in the sky

1059
00:46:23,349 --> 00:46:21,680
they were most likely the result of

1060
00:46:25,750 --> 00:46:23,359
mergers of this type

1061
00:46:27,349 --> 00:46:25,760
and the night sky will change completely

1062
00:46:30,550 --> 00:46:27,359
in a few billion years and

1063
00:46:31,349 --> 00:46:30,560
in fact the sun will be kicked out away

1064
00:46:34,069 --> 00:46:31,359
from

1065
00:46:34,790 --> 00:46:34,079
uh the center and there is even a chance

1066
00:46:37,750 --> 00:46:34,800
that

1067
00:46:40,390 --> 00:46:37,760
during the merger uh the andromeda

1068
00:46:42,870 --> 00:46:40,400
galaxy will pick up the

1069
00:46:44,870 --> 00:46:42,880
sun and we will be able to see the milky

1070
00:46:48,710 --> 00:46:44,880
way from a distance

1071
00:46:52,230 --> 00:46:48,720
and that would be a fascinating view um

1072
00:46:53,270 --> 00:46:52,240
are we looking at about 500 million

1073
00:46:56,630 --> 00:46:53,280
stars

1074
00:46:58,870 --> 00:46:56,640
in the milky way roughly

1075
00:46:59,910 --> 00:46:58,880
yes most of the stars are much smaller

1076
00:47:02,470 --> 00:46:59,920
than the sun

1077
00:47:03,109 --> 00:47:02,480
most of them are called dwarf stars they

1078
00:47:05,829 --> 00:47:03,119
are about

1079
00:47:06,950 --> 00:47:05,839
a tenth of the mass of the sun and they

1080
00:47:10,470 --> 00:47:06,960
emit mostly

1081
00:47:13,349 --> 00:47:10,480
infrared light it turns out

1082
00:47:14,069 --> 00:47:13,359
um about the quarter to half of all the

1083
00:47:17,829 --> 00:47:14,079
stars

1084
00:47:20,150 --> 00:47:17,839
have a planet the size of the earth

1085
00:47:22,309 --> 00:47:20,160
in the habitable zone roughly you know

1086
00:47:24,549 --> 00:47:22,319
around sun like stars roughly at the

1087
00:47:25,430 --> 00:47:24,559
same separation as the earth is from the

1088
00:47:27,829 --> 00:47:25,440
sun

1089
00:47:29,750 --> 00:47:27,839
so you could have life around a

1090
00:47:33,349 --> 00:47:29,760
significant fraction of

1091
00:47:36,549 --> 00:47:33,359
of those stars and

1092
00:47:39,109 --> 00:47:36,559
uh most of the if there is life around

1093
00:47:40,309 --> 00:47:39,119
many stars most of the stars emit

1094
00:47:42,710 --> 00:47:40,319
infrared light so the

1095
00:47:44,309 --> 00:47:42,720
the creatures on the surface of the

1096
00:47:47,589 --> 00:47:44,319
planets around them

1097
00:47:49,670 --> 00:47:47,599
they should have infrared eyes and

1098
00:47:50,710 --> 00:47:49,680
in a class that i teach at harvard i

1099
00:47:53,670 --> 00:47:50,720
asked the students

1100
00:47:54,549 --> 00:47:53,680
a few weeks ago whether they know about

1101
00:47:57,990 --> 00:47:54,559
any

1102
00:48:01,270 --> 00:47:58,000
animal on earth that has infrared eyes

1103
00:48:02,870 --> 00:48:01,280
and one of the students found an image

1104
00:48:06,150 --> 00:48:02,880
of a shrimp

1105
00:48:08,630 --> 00:48:06,160
that has infrared eyes which look like

1106
00:48:09,829 --> 00:48:08,640
two ping pong balls connected with cords

1107
00:48:13,349 --> 00:48:09,839
to the head of the shrimp

1108
00:48:16,069 --> 00:48:13,359
and it did look like an alien to me but

1109
00:48:16,549 --> 00:48:16,079
surely uh those creatures um you know

1110
00:48:19,190 --> 00:48:16,559
that

1111
00:48:20,069 --> 00:48:19,200
are sensitive to infrared radiation are

1112
00:48:23,270 --> 00:48:20,079
probably very

1113
00:48:24,150 --> 00:48:23,280
strange looking and and you can imagine

1114
00:48:26,790 --> 00:48:24,160
that

1115
00:48:27,910 --> 00:48:26,800
if there are any interstellar travel

1116
00:48:30,549 --> 00:48:27,920
agencies

1117
00:48:32,790 --> 00:48:30,559
they will never advertise the earth as a

1118
00:48:33,430 --> 00:48:32,800
desired destination for a vacation

1119
00:48:35,430 --> 00:48:33,440
because

1120
00:48:36,549 --> 00:48:35,440
all that we can offer in our vacation

1121
00:48:39,589 --> 00:48:36,559
sites are

1122
00:48:40,790 --> 00:48:39,599
uh green loans that are illuminated by

1123
00:48:43,829 --> 00:48:40,800
visible light

1124
00:48:47,430 --> 00:48:43,839
and that light hurts the eyes of those

1125
00:48:50,150 --> 00:48:47,440
infrared viewing creatures and

1126
00:48:52,069 --> 00:48:50,160
and they're used to dark red grass so

1127
00:48:55,510 --> 00:48:52,079
they will never come to visit us

1128
00:48:55,829 --> 00:48:55,520
now what would we look like what would

1129
00:48:58,470 --> 00:48:55,839
we

1130
00:48:59,270 --> 00:48:58,480
look like to them would it just be an

1131
00:49:02,470 --> 00:48:59,280
infrared

1132
00:49:05,510 --> 00:49:02,480
outline of our bodies

1133
00:49:07,910 --> 00:49:05,520
oh yeah in fact um our body

1134
00:49:09,349 --> 00:49:07,920
emits infrared radiation that's why uh

1135
00:49:12,870 --> 00:49:09,359
the military is using

1136
00:49:14,230 --> 00:49:12,880
uh special goggles that can detect

1137
00:49:17,270 --> 00:49:14,240
infrared light

1138
00:49:20,710 --> 00:49:17,280
at night and

1139
00:49:21,670 --> 00:49:20,720
so every warm body roughly at room

1140
00:49:24,630 --> 00:49:21,680
temperature

1141
00:49:26,549 --> 00:49:24,640
emits mostly infrared light so in fact

1142
00:49:29,589 --> 00:49:26,559
they would be able to see our body

1143
00:49:32,230 --> 00:49:29,599
emitting light even at night just like

1144
00:49:33,349 --> 00:49:32,240
military personnel you know can see

1145
00:49:36,390 --> 00:49:33,359
soldiers

1146
00:49:36,870 --> 00:49:36,400
with infrared goggles now that's crazy

1147
00:49:38,150 --> 00:49:36,880
to me

1148
00:49:40,069 --> 00:49:38,160
that's great i didn't expect this

1149
00:49:43,910 --> 00:49:40,079
conversation to go in that direction

1150
00:49:44,549 --> 00:49:43,920
but let's back up for a second okay so

1151
00:49:48,390 --> 00:49:44,559
uh

1152
00:49:52,069 --> 00:49:48,400
if we are talking about 500 million

1153
00:49:54,390 --> 00:49:52,079
stars and the latest guesstimates

1154
00:49:55,190 --> 00:49:54,400
have been that each one of those stars

1155
00:49:58,549 --> 00:49:55,200
should have

1156
00:50:01,829 --> 00:49:58,559
a planet or more

1157
00:50:04,870 --> 00:50:01,839
then that means 500 million

1158
00:50:08,309 --> 00:50:04,880
planets just in our milky way at least

1159
00:50:11,430 --> 00:50:08,319
when in 1995 there was only one

1160
00:50:15,270 --> 00:50:11,440
right 500 billion yes yeah 500 billion

1161
00:50:18,150 --> 00:50:15,280
i said million you know so in a way

1162
00:50:19,190 --> 00:50:18,160
once again the sky is teaching us

1163
00:50:21,589 --> 00:50:19,200
modesty you know

1164
00:50:23,190 --> 00:50:21,599
not only we are not at the center of the

1165
00:50:25,990 --> 00:50:23,200
universe

1166
00:50:26,870 --> 00:50:26,000
as we discussed before but also our

1167
00:50:28,470 --> 00:50:26,880
backyard

1168
00:50:30,309 --> 00:50:28,480
is not very special we are not

1169
00:50:32,150 --> 00:50:30,319
privileged you know things like the

1170
00:50:34,950 --> 00:50:32,160
earth and the sun

1171
00:50:36,950 --> 00:50:34,960
are quite common and to me that's an

1172
00:50:38,309 --> 00:50:36,960
important lesson it means that

1173
00:50:39,990 --> 00:50:38,319
you know we shouldn't feel that we are

1174
00:50:42,549 --> 00:50:40,000
privileged that we are unique and

1175
00:50:44,069 --> 00:50:42,559
special sort of like my daughters you

1176
00:50:45,510 --> 00:50:44,079
know when they were young they thought

1177
00:50:45,750 --> 00:50:45,520
that they are unique and special they

1178
00:50:47,670 --> 00:50:45,760
are

1179
00:50:49,829 --> 00:50:47,680
the smartest in the world and when we

1180
00:50:52,470 --> 00:50:49,839
took them to the kindergarten

1181
00:50:53,990 --> 00:50:52,480
on the first day they had a shock and

1182
00:50:55,990 --> 00:50:54,000
they realized that there are other

1183
00:50:58,309 --> 00:50:56,000
kids that are smarter than they are and

1184
00:51:01,349 --> 00:50:58,319
i think our civilization are

1185
00:51:03,270 --> 00:51:01,359
is up for the same kind of psychological

1186
00:51:05,270 --> 00:51:03,280
shock when we will find that

1187
00:51:06,790 --> 00:51:05,280
you know even the life that we find here

1188
00:51:09,430 --> 00:51:06,800
on earth is not unique

1189
00:51:10,470 --> 00:51:09,440
and and we are not the smartest kid on

1190
00:51:14,950 --> 00:51:10,480
the block

1191
00:51:18,069 --> 00:51:14,960
now again uh to your circle of friends

1192
00:51:20,150 --> 00:51:18,079
um when we talk about 500 billion

1193
00:51:23,270 --> 00:51:20,160
planets and that's a really big

1194
00:51:24,790 --> 00:51:23,280
number right that's a big number um and

1195
00:51:26,390 --> 00:51:24,800
some of these i keep going back to

1196
00:51:27,270 --> 00:51:26,400
guesstimates because we really don't

1197
00:51:30,790 --> 00:51:27,280
know

1198
00:51:32,549 --> 00:51:30,800
but now 20 billion

1199
00:51:34,309 --> 00:51:32,559
rocky earth-like planets in the

1200
00:51:37,109 --> 00:51:34,319
goldilocks zone

1201
00:51:38,710 --> 00:51:37,119
is what is is being talked about in the

1202
00:51:41,349 --> 00:51:38,720
in the science community

1203
00:51:43,670 --> 00:51:41,359
that's that's a pretty big number it's a

1204
00:51:45,750 --> 00:51:43,680
huge number and it could be even more

1205
00:51:48,150 --> 00:51:45,760
uh there are some significant

1206
00:51:52,150 --> 00:51:48,160
uncertainties in this number and

1207
00:51:54,950 --> 00:51:52,160
uh it it among the sun-like stars

1208
00:51:56,470 --> 00:51:54,960
the fraction of uh stars that have a

1209
00:51:58,630 --> 00:51:56,480
planet like the earth roughly at the

1210
00:51:59,109 --> 00:51:58,640
same separation could be as large as a

1211
00:52:04,150 --> 00:51:59,119
half

1212
00:52:07,190 --> 00:52:04,160
you know it uh so um yeah uh

1213
00:52:08,710 --> 00:52:07,200
irrespective of whether the number is a

1214
00:52:10,710 --> 00:52:08,720
tenth or a half

1215
00:52:12,950 --> 00:52:10,720
it's a significant fraction it means

1216
00:52:14,950 --> 00:52:12,960
that there is nothing special about what

1217
00:52:18,470 --> 00:52:14,960
we find in our backyard and

1218
00:52:20,150 --> 00:52:18,480
as a result you know expecting to find

1219
00:52:22,790 --> 00:52:20,160
things that we have here on earth

1220
00:52:24,710 --> 00:52:22,800
elsewhere is a very

1221
00:52:26,150 --> 00:52:24,720
natural thing you know we it should be a

1222
00:52:29,829 --> 00:52:26,160
matter of common sense

1223
00:52:31,190 --> 00:52:29,839
instead you know a lot of scientists

1224
00:52:33,270 --> 00:52:31,200
argue that you know we need

1225
00:52:35,589 --> 00:52:33,280
extraordinary evidence before we even

1226
00:52:37,750 --> 00:52:35,599
contemplate that possibility before

1227
00:52:38,950 --> 00:52:37,760
before we believe that there might have

1228
00:52:41,190 --> 00:52:38,960
been things like us

1229
00:52:42,870 --> 00:52:41,200
billions of years ago even though most

1230
00:52:44,470 --> 00:52:42,880
of the stars from billions of years

1231
00:52:47,670 --> 00:52:44,480
before the sun so

1232
00:52:50,470 --> 00:52:47,680
to me it all implies that

1233
00:52:52,390 --> 00:52:50,480
you know the uh the basic assumption we

1234
00:52:54,630 --> 00:52:52,400
should start from is

1235
00:52:55,589 --> 00:52:54,640
that there are many things similar to

1236
00:52:58,309 --> 00:52:55,599
what we find here

1237
00:53:00,150 --> 00:52:58,319
elsewhere what's the number that you're

1238
00:53:03,349 --> 00:53:00,160
comfortable with when we're you know

1239
00:53:05,349 --> 00:53:03,359
if i say 20 billion earth-like planets

1240
00:53:08,470 --> 00:53:05,359
in our milky way which again

1241
00:53:09,430 --> 00:53:08,480
is a mind-blowingly big number what's

1242
00:53:12,549 --> 00:53:09,440
the number that

1243
00:53:15,349 --> 00:53:12,559
you're comfortable with no i mean

1244
00:53:16,470 --> 00:53:15,359
the number could be as high as hundreds

1245
00:53:24,790 --> 00:53:16,480
of

1246
00:53:28,470 --> 00:53:24,800
the question is which

1247
00:53:30,470 --> 00:53:28,480
fraction of those have life right them

1248
00:53:32,150 --> 00:53:30,480
and the second question which fraction

1249
00:53:35,510 --> 00:53:32,160
have intelligent life now

1250
00:53:37,270 --> 00:53:35,520
technological life um the issue with

1251
00:53:39,670 --> 00:53:37,280
technology is that

1252
00:53:40,710 --> 00:53:39,680
it often changes the environment in a

1253
00:53:43,030 --> 00:53:40,720
way that could

1254
00:53:45,670 --> 00:53:43,040
imply that it's short-lived you know we

1255
00:53:48,790 --> 00:53:45,680
are we are potentially changing

1256
00:53:50,470 --> 00:53:48,800
the climate on earth and uh we if we go

1257
00:53:51,589 --> 00:53:50,480
into a nuclear war we would kill

1258
00:53:54,069 --> 00:53:51,599
ourselves and

1259
00:53:55,430 --> 00:53:54,079
uh there could be a short window of

1260
00:53:57,190 --> 00:53:55,440
opportunity to

1261
00:53:58,630 --> 00:53:57,200
hear from other technological

1262
00:54:01,270 --> 00:53:58,640
civilizations and

1263
00:54:03,349 --> 00:54:01,280
but that doesn't mean that uh we should

1264
00:54:05,510 --> 00:54:03,359
not search because

1265
00:54:06,950 --> 00:54:05,520
i mean it means that we should not be

1266
00:54:10,069 --> 00:54:06,960
optimistic about having

1267
00:54:11,990 --> 00:54:10,079
a conversation just like uh

1268
00:54:13,910 --> 00:54:12,000
trying to have conversations with people

1269
00:54:16,470 --> 00:54:13,920
that are not around anymore you can't

1270
00:54:18,230 --> 00:54:16,480
have a fun conversation with them but on

1271
00:54:20,470 --> 00:54:18,240
the other hand you can search for things

1272
00:54:21,589 --> 00:54:20,480
they left behind that's what archaeology

1273
00:54:23,670 --> 00:54:21,599
is all about we

1274
00:54:26,150 --> 00:54:23,680
we look for relics that were left behind

1275
00:54:26,950 --> 00:54:26,160
by people that are not around anymore

1276
00:54:28,470 --> 00:54:26,960
and

1277
00:54:30,390 --> 00:54:28,480
the same we can do with other

1278
00:54:33,030 --> 00:54:30,400
civilizations out there and

1279
00:54:34,150 --> 00:54:33,040
i call it space archaeology basically

1280
00:54:36,309 --> 00:54:34,160
looking for

1281
00:54:37,990 --> 00:54:36,319
equipment that they launched into space

1282
00:54:40,630 --> 00:54:38,000
just like we launched the

1283
00:54:43,030 --> 00:54:40,640
voyager 1 voyager 2 new horizons you

1284
00:54:46,230 --> 00:54:43,040
know it could be filling up

1285
00:54:48,230 --> 00:54:46,240
the the space between stars

1286
00:54:49,270 --> 00:54:48,240
and there could be a lot of equipment

1287
00:54:52,150 --> 00:54:49,280
out there

1288
00:54:52,710 --> 00:54:52,160
uh in the in the short time uh that we

1289
00:54:55,589 --> 00:54:52,720
have

1290
00:54:56,549 --> 00:54:55,599
about two minutes uh before the break

1291
00:54:59,589 --> 00:54:56,559
when we

1292
00:55:01,030 --> 00:54:59,599
start to contemplate this doesn't it

1293
00:55:04,230 --> 00:55:01,040
come down to

1294
00:55:05,030 --> 00:55:04,240
just basic chemistry and particles and

1295
00:55:07,270 --> 00:55:05,040
atoms and

1296
00:55:09,430 --> 00:55:07,280
how things combine it's the same

1297
00:55:12,230 --> 00:55:09,440
chemistry everywhere in the universe

1298
00:55:12,630 --> 00:55:12,240
and we can't stop life here on earth

1299
00:55:15,670 --> 00:55:12,640
right

1300
00:55:17,670 --> 00:55:15,680
we can't it it's the same chemistry

1301
00:55:20,069 --> 00:55:17,680
and and the point to recognize is that

1302
00:55:23,510 --> 00:55:20,079
primitive life microbial life started

1303
00:55:26,950 --> 00:55:23,520
very early on earth as soon as that

1304
00:55:29,750 --> 00:55:26,960
the earth cooled to allow it uh

1305
00:55:31,190 --> 00:55:29,760
now the the question is whether

1306
00:55:33,990 --> 00:55:31,200
technological life

1307
00:55:34,789 --> 00:55:34,000
is much more complicated than perhaps

1308
00:55:37,829 --> 00:55:34,799
doesn't happen

1309
00:55:38,549 --> 00:55:37,839
many places that's a subject for debate

1310
00:55:41,190 --> 00:55:38,559
but

1311
00:55:41,990 --> 00:55:41,200
uh rather than assume or have a

1312
00:55:43,910 --> 00:55:42,000
prejudice

1313
00:55:45,190 --> 00:55:43,920
my point is simple why don't we just

1314
00:55:47,190 --> 00:55:45,200
search you know

1315
00:55:48,789 --> 00:55:47,200
we search for the dark matter we invest

1316
00:55:50,549 --> 00:55:48,799
hundreds of millions of dollars in the

1317
00:55:52,230 --> 00:55:50,559
search for dark matter

1318
00:55:53,750 --> 00:55:52,240
we should invest at least the same

1319
00:55:55,430 --> 00:55:53,760
amount of money in the search for

1320
00:55:57,430 --> 00:55:55,440
technological signatures of other

1321
00:55:59,589 --> 00:55:57,440
civilizations because

1322
00:56:01,829 --> 00:55:59,599
this question will will have huge impact

1323
00:56:02,710 --> 00:56:01,839
on society much more than the nature of

1324
00:56:05,510 --> 00:56:02,720
dark matter

1325
00:56:06,630 --> 00:56:05,520
i mean the private lives of people will

1326
00:56:09,030 --> 00:56:06,640
not be affected

1327
00:56:10,710 --> 00:56:09,040
much by the nature of dark matter but if

1328
00:56:12,150 --> 00:56:10,720
we do find that we are not the smartest

1329
00:56:15,270 --> 00:56:12,160
kid on the block

1330
00:56:17,270 --> 00:56:15,280
basically every human would

1331
00:56:18,549 --> 00:56:17,280
immediately uh think about the

1332
00:56:20,230 --> 00:56:18,559
implications

1333
00:56:21,750 --> 00:56:20,240
let's take our break right here i guess

1334
00:56:25,030 --> 00:56:21,760
tonight harvard's professor

1335
00:56:28,230 --> 00:56:25,040
avi loeb and i have called this

1336
00:56:30,150 --> 00:56:28,240
episode this broadcast taking

1337
00:56:32,230 --> 00:56:30,160
us to school we're having a full

1338
00:56:32,870 --> 00:56:32,240
discussion about the size and origins of

1339
00:56:35,190 --> 00:56:32,880
everything

1340
00:56:36,789 --> 00:56:35,200
all of that and much more when we come

1341
00:56:38,549 --> 00:56:36,799
back after this short break this is fade

1342
00:56:55,270 --> 00:56:38,559
to black i'm yours jimmy church

1343
00:56:59,829 --> 00:56:57,430
this is fade to black with jimmy church

1344
00:57:04,789 --> 00:56:59,839
on the game changer radio network

1345
00:57:07,270 --> 00:57:04,799
and kgra the global radio alliance

1346
00:57:08,309 --> 00:57:07,280
this is kgra digital broadcasting

1347
00:57:13,750 --> 00:57:08,319
station

1348
00:57:15,589 --> 00:57:13,760
salt lake city utah van buren arkansas

1349
00:57:17,270 --> 00:57:15,599
this is billy carson with forbidden

1350
00:57:20,150 --> 00:57:17,280
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1351
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listen i know and you know that you've

1371
00:58:15,990 --> 00:58:13,760
always wanted your first crystal skull

1372
00:58:18,150 --> 00:58:16,000
or maybe you're a collector just like me

1373
00:58:19,990 --> 00:58:18,160
but you just don't know where to go to

1374
00:58:23,230 --> 00:58:20,000
find the real thing

1375
00:58:24,630 --> 00:58:23,240
then i met carolyn ford over at

1376
00:58:27,030 --> 00:58:24,640
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1377
00:58:29,030 --> 00:58:27,040
carolyn is the guardian of einstein one

1378
00:58:30,549 --> 00:58:29,040
of the most respected ancient crystal

1379
00:58:32,230 --> 00:58:30,559
skulls in the world

1380
00:58:34,470 --> 00:58:32,240
all of her unique skulls have been

1381
00:58:36,470 --> 00:58:34,480
imprinted sitting with einstein in his

1382
00:58:38,710 --> 00:58:36,480
sacred lodge and are carved from the

1383
00:58:40,870 --> 00:58:38,720
finest gemstone and materials

1384
00:58:43,430 --> 00:58:40,880
imprinting is the process of receiving

1385
00:58:43,750 --> 00:58:43,440
the ancient wisdom from the master skull

1386
00:58:46,789 --> 00:58:43,760
or

1387
00:58:49,190 --> 00:58:46,799
master computer einstein the ancient

1388
00:58:51,270 --> 00:58:49,200
crystal skull to see carolyn's current

1389
00:58:53,470 --> 00:58:51,280
collection of crystal skulls just visit

1390
00:58:55,190 --> 00:58:53,480
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1391
00:58:57,109 --> 00:58:55,200
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1392
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1393
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1398
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1399
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when you take the beans from central

1400
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1403
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yes river moon's darkest customized

1408
00:59:39,910 --> 00:59:36,799
roast was created for the love

1409
00:59:42,789 --> 00:59:39,920
of fade to black the alchemy of

1410
00:59:46,069 --> 00:59:42,799
masterful roasting and smoking the beans

1411
00:59:49,670 --> 00:59:46,079
is in every sip of this full-bodied dark

1412
00:59:51,589 --> 00:59:49,680
java i need my coffee doc deep

1413
00:59:54,150 --> 00:59:51,599
with distinct bittersweet chocolate

1414
00:59:56,549 --> 00:59:54,160
highlights just like the bunker

1415
00:59:57,430 --> 00:59:56,559
leaning further into the darkness of the

1416
00:59:59,829 --> 00:59:57,440
roast is

1417
01:00:00,710 --> 00:59:59,839
fade to black blend from river moon

1418
01:00:02,430 --> 01:00:00,720
coffee

1419
01:00:04,470 --> 01:00:02,440
just click on the banner at

1420
01:00:04,870 --> 01:00:04,480
jimmychurchradio.com and use the promo

1421
01:00:13,270 --> 01:00:04,880
code

1422
01:00:13,280 --> 01:00:16,789
on today

1423
01:00:20,549 --> 01:00:18,710
hi this is ray sobs here repping the

1424
01:00:21,109 --> 01:00:20,559
planet and you're listening to my good

1425
01:00:24,069 --> 01:00:21,119
friend

1426
01:00:26,710 --> 01:00:24,079
jimmy church fade to black on the game

1427
01:00:29,829 --> 01:00:26,720
changer network and the kgra digital

1428
01:00:32,910 --> 01:00:29,839
broadcast station

1429
01:00:34,069 --> 01:00:32,920
this is toby kebbel you're listening to

1430
01:00:37,109 --> 01:00:34,079
jimmychurchradio.com

1431
01:00:38,309 --> 01:00:37,119
don't hurt me jimmy i'm only little hey

1432
01:00:40,829 --> 01:00:38,319
i'm adrian grenier

1433
01:00:47,030 --> 01:00:40,839
and this is ari gold we're the honey

1434
01:00:50,710 --> 01:00:49,030
we're the honey brothers and you're

1435
01:00:53,510 --> 01:00:50,720
listening to jimmy church

1436
01:00:55,190 --> 01:00:53,520
a revolution this is jimmy churchill

1437
01:00:57,430 --> 01:00:55,200
fade to black and you can become an

1438
01:00:59,349 --> 01:00:57,440
official fate or not by just going to

1439
01:01:02,710 --> 01:00:59,359
our membership section

1440
01:01:04,710 --> 01:01:02,720
at jimmychurchradio.com

1441
01:01:06,230 --> 01:01:04,720
hello this is serena wright taylor from

1442
01:01:08,069 --> 01:01:06,240
conscious life expo

1443
01:01:10,309 --> 01:01:08,079
and you're listening to fade to black

1444
01:01:12,549 --> 01:01:10,319
with jimmy church who holds the lucky

1445
01:01:13,030 --> 01:01:12,559
pony record for the best astrological

1446
01:01:17,190 --> 01:01:13,040
chart

1447
01:01:19,030 --> 01:01:17,200
since 1963. true story

1448
01:01:20,630 --> 01:01:19,040
this is micah hanks of the great alien

1449
01:01:22,150 --> 01:01:20,640
report and you're listening to jimmy

1450
01:01:23,910 --> 01:01:22,160
church on fade to black

1451
01:01:25,829 --> 01:01:23,920
across the globe on the game changer

1452
01:01:48,470 --> 01:01:25,839
radio network and the one and only

1453
01:01:52,309 --> 01:01:50,069
all right welcome back fade to black i'm

1454
01:01:53,349 --> 01:01:52,319
your host jimmy church tonight professor

1455
01:01:56,710 --> 01:01:53,359
avi loeb is

1456
01:01:58,549 --> 01:01:56,720
with us tonight he's taking me to school

1457
01:01:59,829 --> 01:01:58,559
and i'm going to let everybody know at

1458
01:02:02,870 --> 01:01:59,839
the end of the night

1459
01:02:03,829 --> 01:02:02,880
pop quiz i'm just giving you guys the

1460
01:02:08,789 --> 01:02:03,839
warning

1461
01:02:12,549 --> 01:02:08,799
now avi okay yes the milky way is big

1462
01:02:15,750 --> 01:02:12,559
and inside of our universe

1463
01:02:19,589 --> 01:02:15,760
are one trillion versions

1464
01:02:20,069 --> 01:02:19,599
of us and and even that number could be

1465
01:02:23,109 --> 01:02:20,079
double

1466
01:02:25,670 --> 01:02:23,119
triple or maybe infinitely as

1467
01:02:26,549 --> 01:02:25,680
large because we don't know what else is

1468
01:02:29,430 --> 01:02:26,559
out there

1469
01:02:29,910 --> 01:02:29,440
beyond the observable universe and and

1470
01:02:33,430 --> 01:02:29,920
what has

1471
01:02:37,990 --> 01:02:33,440
expanded outward now that's a whole show

1472
01:02:39,990 --> 01:02:38,000
in of itself but the debate today

1473
01:02:41,270 --> 01:02:40,000
what i think is going on and i'm really

1474
01:02:43,510 --> 01:02:41,280
enjoying it

1475
01:02:44,950 --> 01:02:43,520
is the beginning of everything and

1476
01:02:48,950 --> 01:02:44,960
whether the big bang

1477
01:02:51,349 --> 01:02:48,960
may have happened or not right and

1478
01:02:52,150 --> 01:02:51,359
before you answer that we've all been

1479
01:02:55,109 --> 01:02:52,160
raised

1480
01:02:57,589 --> 01:02:55,119
on big bang theory that's it that's our

1481
01:03:00,630 --> 01:02:57,599
you know the last three four generations

1482
01:03:01,510 --> 01:03:00,640
the big bang and there it is and it's

1483
01:03:03,910 --> 01:03:01,520
now

1484
01:03:05,829 --> 01:03:03,920
is dogma the right word can i can i use

1485
01:03:09,430 --> 01:03:05,839
dogma safely here

1486
01:03:13,589 --> 01:03:09,440
yeah you can okay so the document is

1487
01:03:16,630 --> 01:03:13,599
uh the big bang theory is what it is

1488
01:03:20,069 --> 01:03:16,640
let's go back to

1489
01:03:22,470 --> 01:03:20,079
the beginning of everything the math

1490
01:03:24,549 --> 01:03:22,480
that albert einstein presented to us

1491
01:03:27,589 --> 01:03:24,559
which goes back to a point

1492
01:03:30,069 --> 01:03:27,599
before it gets a little bit crazy but

1493
01:03:32,150 --> 01:03:30,079
if we go back to that point is the big

1494
01:03:33,270 --> 01:03:32,160
bang theory the way we understand it

1495
01:03:35,029 --> 01:03:33,280
today

1496
01:03:37,270 --> 01:03:35,039
is this something that we will continue

1497
01:03:39,349 --> 01:03:37,280
to count on

1498
01:03:40,870 --> 01:03:39,359
okay so first let me understand let me

1499
01:03:44,870 --> 01:03:40,880
explain what the big bang

1500
01:03:49,029 --> 01:03:44,880
is um we we see the universe expanding

1501
01:03:49,829 --> 01:03:49,039
so um uh we can uh reverse the movie

1502
01:03:53,109 --> 01:03:49,839
backward

1503
01:03:55,670 --> 01:03:53,119
in time and then the universe would be

1504
01:03:59,349 --> 01:03:55,680
contracting if you go back in time and

1505
01:04:00,390 --> 01:03:59,359
uh and we see that the conditions of the

1506
01:04:03,270 --> 01:04:00,400
expansion are

1507
01:04:04,630 --> 01:04:03,280
are similar across the universe on very

1508
01:04:07,910 --> 01:04:04,640
large scale so

1509
01:04:10,549 --> 01:04:07,920
in fact the matter will uh

1510
01:04:13,349 --> 01:04:10,559
reach infinite density at some point

1511
01:04:16,549 --> 01:04:13,359
back in time when all the matter will

1512
01:04:19,829 --> 01:04:16,559
you know will be crunched into

1513
01:04:21,910 --> 01:04:19,839
infinite uh into a very small volume

1514
01:04:23,990 --> 01:04:21,920
uh and that would be true everywhere so

1515
01:04:26,950 --> 01:04:24,000
there is no center to the universe but

1516
01:04:27,910 --> 01:04:26,960
everywhere in space the density of

1517
01:04:30,230 --> 01:04:27,920
matter will be

1518
01:04:32,470 --> 01:04:30,240
infinite this is called the big bang

1519
01:04:33,190 --> 01:04:32,480
it's a point in time not a point in

1520
01:04:35,750 --> 01:04:33,200
space

1521
01:04:37,430 --> 01:04:35,760
the conditions appear to be similar in

1522
01:04:38,630 --> 01:04:37,440
many different places throughout the

1523
01:04:41,589 --> 01:04:38,640
universe and

1524
01:04:42,950 --> 01:04:41,599
so there was a point in time when this

1525
01:04:46,390 --> 01:04:42,960
expansion that we see

1526
01:04:49,029 --> 01:04:46,400
started and the the reason we can't

1527
01:04:51,109 --> 01:04:49,039
go beyond that point in time back is

1528
01:04:52,390 --> 01:04:51,119
because einstein's theory of gravity

1529
01:04:56,069 --> 01:04:52,400
breaks down

1530
01:04:58,230 --> 01:04:56,079
uh it's called the singularity basically

1531
01:05:00,230 --> 01:04:58,240
uh the curvature of space and time

1532
01:05:02,150 --> 01:05:00,240
becomes infinite at that point in time

1533
01:05:04,230 --> 01:05:02,160
simply because the density of matter

1534
01:05:06,870 --> 01:05:04,240
goes to infinity and

1535
01:05:07,990 --> 01:05:06,880
we just cannot predict what have

1536
01:05:10,549 --> 01:05:08,000
happened before that

1537
01:05:12,470 --> 01:05:10,559
time using einstein's equations now we

1538
01:05:13,589 --> 01:05:12,480
know what's wrong with einstein's

1539
01:05:15,829 --> 01:05:13,599
equations

1540
01:05:17,190 --> 01:05:15,839
they do not incorporate quantum

1541
01:05:19,510 --> 01:05:17,200
mechanics which is

1542
01:05:22,069 --> 01:05:19,520
another facet of modern physics that

1543
01:05:24,630 --> 01:05:22,079
deals with the microscopic world

1544
01:05:25,829 --> 01:05:24,640
and einstein's theory just did not

1545
01:05:27,990 --> 01:05:25,839
incorporate that

1546
01:05:30,069 --> 01:05:28,000
and so we know that when the density of

1547
01:05:31,910 --> 01:05:30,079
meta gets very high and

1548
01:05:33,990 --> 01:05:31,920
you know the temperature gets very high

1549
01:05:34,630 --> 01:05:34,000
then quantum mechanics comes into play

1550
01:05:40,150 --> 01:05:34,640
and

1551
01:05:43,430 --> 01:05:40,160
that unifies quantum mechanics

1552
01:05:45,510 --> 01:05:43,440
and gravity we would know what would

1553
01:05:47,990 --> 01:05:45,520
have happened before the big bang

1554
01:05:48,950 --> 01:05:48,000
and we call it the big bang just because

1555
01:05:51,349 --> 01:05:48,960
we have not

1556
01:05:52,549 --> 01:05:51,359
no better knowledge of but in fact

1557
01:05:54,549 --> 01:05:52,559
probably there was

1558
01:05:55,589 --> 01:05:54,559
something that preceded that and the

1559
01:05:58,710 --> 01:05:55,599
question is what

1560
01:06:00,069 --> 01:05:58,720
is it can we guess or and a lot of

1561
01:06:03,190 --> 01:06:00,079
people are trying to

1562
01:06:04,710 --> 01:06:03,200
find out what this universal theory but

1563
01:06:06,309 --> 01:06:04,720
the unified theory

1564
01:06:08,710 --> 01:06:06,319
that brings together quantum mechanics

1565
01:06:10,150 --> 01:06:08,720
and gravity is but we just don't have a

1566
01:06:12,069 --> 01:06:10,160
reliable theory that

1567
01:06:13,750 --> 01:06:12,079
that can make predictions about what

1568
01:06:17,430 --> 01:06:13,760
happened before the big bang

1569
01:06:20,630 --> 01:06:17,440
so there are various conjectures and um

1570
01:06:22,710 --> 01:06:20,640
one very popular theory is that you know

1571
01:06:26,789 --> 01:06:22,720
there was no singularity at all

1572
01:06:27,910 --> 01:06:26,799
and that in fact uh the universe started

1573
01:06:31,029 --> 01:06:27,920
from

1574
01:06:32,870 --> 01:06:31,039
a time when it was expanding very

1575
01:06:36,069 --> 01:06:32,880
rapidly where

1576
01:06:39,029 --> 01:06:36,079
you know the vacuum was dominating and

1577
01:06:39,750 --> 01:06:39,039
and everything was pushed away at the

1578
01:06:42,710 --> 01:06:39,760
speed

1579
01:06:43,510 --> 01:06:42,720
that is accelerating over time so in

1580
01:06:45,430 --> 01:06:43,520
fact

1581
01:06:46,950 --> 01:06:45,440
things that were in contact to start

1582
01:06:48,789 --> 01:06:46,960
with were separated and

1583
01:06:50,069 --> 01:06:48,799
got out of contact this is called the

1584
01:06:53,190 --> 01:06:50,079
the epoch of

1585
01:06:55,109 --> 01:06:53,200
cosmic inflation and everything was

1586
01:06:59,029 --> 01:06:55,119
expanding very rapidly and

1587
01:07:02,470 --> 01:06:59,039
uh and at some point that stopped and

1588
01:07:06,069 --> 01:07:02,480
and then that early time

1589
01:07:08,309 --> 01:07:06,079
uh seeded the universe with small uh

1590
01:07:10,309 --> 01:07:08,319
variations in the density of matter

1591
01:07:12,789 --> 01:07:10,319
which later grew to become

1592
01:07:15,190 --> 01:07:12,799
objects like the milky way galaxy uh as

1593
01:07:17,029 --> 01:07:15,200
a result of the fact that

1594
01:07:19,750 --> 01:07:17,039
regions that were slightly denser than

1595
01:07:21,910 --> 01:07:19,760
average collapsed upon themselves they

1596
01:07:24,230 --> 01:07:21,920
their own gravity made them collapse and

1597
01:07:27,430 --> 01:07:24,240
make galaxies like the milky way so

1598
01:07:31,670 --> 01:07:27,440
all of this started these seeds of

1599
01:07:33,910 --> 01:07:31,680
matter density fluctuations

1600
01:07:35,190 --> 01:07:33,920
those were created by quantum mechanics

1601
01:07:38,549 --> 01:07:35,200
early on

1602
01:07:40,870 --> 01:07:38,559
and inflation could have started

1603
01:07:43,029 --> 01:07:40,880
for example out of the vacuum out of

1604
01:07:45,750 --> 01:07:43,039
nothing and some people suggest maybe

1605
01:07:48,309 --> 01:07:45,760
the universe started out of nothing

1606
01:07:48,789 --> 01:07:48,319
then there is another version of what

1607
01:07:51,510 --> 01:07:48,799
happened

1608
01:07:53,270 --> 01:07:51,520
early which says oh no the universe was

1609
01:07:56,150 --> 01:07:53,280
initially contracting

1610
01:07:56,789 --> 01:07:56,160
collapsing and then there was a bounce

1611
01:07:59,190 --> 01:07:56,799
and it

1612
01:08:00,390 --> 01:07:59,200
started expanding like we see after the

1613
01:08:03,430 --> 01:08:00,400
big bang

1614
01:08:04,870 --> 01:08:03,440
um and in both cases you avoid the big

1615
01:08:07,349 --> 01:08:04,880
bang in some way but

1616
01:08:09,029 --> 01:08:07,359
we don't know if either of these

1617
01:08:12,150 --> 01:08:09,039
versions is correct

1618
01:08:14,309 --> 01:08:12,160
i have my own alternative which is just

1619
01:08:17,430 --> 01:08:14,319
fun to think about

1620
01:08:19,669 --> 01:08:17,440
which is that you know maybe

1621
01:08:21,430 --> 01:08:19,679
as a civilization once we figure out

1622
01:08:22,950 --> 01:08:21,440
what the unifying theory of quantum

1623
01:08:25,110 --> 01:08:22,960
mechanics and gravity is

1624
01:08:26,149 --> 01:08:25,120
we will be able to create in our

1625
01:08:29,189 --> 01:08:26,159
laboratory

1626
01:08:31,349 --> 01:08:29,199
a baby universe we will know how to make

1627
01:08:32,950 --> 01:08:31,359
a baby universe that will become a whole

1628
01:08:35,829 --> 01:08:32,960
universe by itself

1629
01:08:37,749 --> 01:08:35,839
and if we do that then we can imagine

1630
01:08:40,070 --> 01:08:37,759
that our universe was created in the

1631
01:08:44,149 --> 01:08:40,080
laboratory of another civilization that

1632
01:08:46,550 --> 01:08:44,159
predated us and so you just have babies

1633
01:08:47,430 --> 01:08:46,560
uh baby universes being born are

1634
01:08:49,590 --> 01:08:47,440
incubating

1635
01:08:50,709 --> 01:08:49,600
yes and you know what's i just watched

1636
01:08:54,709 --> 01:08:50,719
you smile

1637
01:08:58,309 --> 01:08:54,719
as you uh suggested this

1638
01:09:00,630 --> 01:08:58,319
i don't think it's that far out of line

1639
01:09:02,470 --> 01:09:00,640
i have an open mind and everything i

1640
01:09:05,189 --> 01:09:02,480
listen to everything avi

1641
01:09:07,189 --> 01:09:05,199
but we just don't know do we we have to

1642
01:09:08,950 --> 01:09:07,199
put everything on the table

1643
01:09:10,870 --> 01:09:08,960
right we don't know and we don't know

1644
01:09:12,550 --> 01:09:10,880
where the umbilical cord of

1645
01:09:14,149 --> 01:09:12,560
our universe came from it could have

1646
01:09:15,030 --> 01:09:14,159
come from a laboratory of another

1647
01:09:18,470 --> 01:09:15,040
civilization

1648
01:09:22,550 --> 01:09:18,480
who knows now okay why

1649
01:09:23,910 --> 01:09:22,560
is there so much uh what's the word

1650
01:09:26,950 --> 01:09:23,920
angst

1651
01:09:30,709 --> 01:09:26,960
amongst uh the scientific community

1652
01:09:34,149 --> 01:09:30,719
when getting into this discussion i mean

1653
01:09:37,349 --> 01:09:34,159
lines in the sand have been drawn

1654
01:09:40,950 --> 01:09:37,359
yeah i mean i think it's

1655
01:09:45,030 --> 01:09:40,960
very common for humans to uh

1656
01:09:47,749 --> 01:09:45,040
get attached to their comfort zone and

1657
01:09:49,510 --> 01:09:47,759
ideas from the past and you can see that

1658
01:09:50,309 --> 01:09:49,520
throughout human history you know

1659
01:09:53,430 --> 01:09:50,319
socrates

1660
01:09:54,630 --> 01:09:53,440
was an ancient greek philosopher very

1661
01:09:56,550 --> 01:09:54,640
wise and

1662
01:09:58,149 --> 01:09:56,560
nowadays he's regarded as one of the

1663
01:10:02,310 --> 01:09:58,159
greatest philosophers that

1664
01:10:06,229 --> 01:10:02,320
ever lived but at the time he was uh

1665
01:10:09,430 --> 01:10:06,239
accused by the the members of

1666
01:10:13,270 --> 01:10:09,440
uh the city state of athens in

1667
01:10:16,310 --> 01:10:13,280
in greece uh as um

1668
01:10:19,669 --> 01:10:16,320
a dangerous person uh that

1669
01:10:21,830 --> 01:10:19,679
he's corrupting the the youth uh

1670
01:10:22,950 --> 01:10:21,840
with his views of being open-minded and

1671
01:10:26,149 --> 01:10:22,960
questioning

1672
01:10:29,350 --> 01:10:26,159
uh politicians at the time and other

1673
01:10:30,470 --> 01:10:29,360
people and as a result he was forced to

1674
01:10:34,550 --> 01:10:30,480
drink

1675
01:10:36,950 --> 01:10:34,560
poison and he did that and he died and

1676
01:10:39,110 --> 01:10:36,960
you know nowadays instead of drinking

1677
01:10:40,149 --> 01:10:39,120
poison they would cancel him on the

1678
01:10:42,310 --> 01:10:40,159
athenian

1679
01:10:43,990 --> 01:10:42,320
social media they would just cancel him

1680
01:10:47,750 --> 01:10:44,000
and that would be the equivalent

1681
01:10:49,510 --> 01:10:47,760
of poison uh but this you know goes back

1682
01:10:52,790 --> 01:10:49,520
to ancient greece and

1683
01:10:54,310 --> 01:10:52,800
and then you find the uh other people

1684
01:10:56,390 --> 01:10:54,320
like galileo that

1685
01:10:57,590 --> 01:10:56,400
simply argue that the earth is not at

1686
01:10:59,990 --> 01:10:57,600
the center

1687
01:11:00,630 --> 01:11:00,000
of of the world and as a result the

1688
01:11:02,790 --> 01:11:00,640
philosopher

1689
01:11:04,390 --> 01:11:02,800
you know the church at the time put him

1690
01:11:06,790 --> 01:11:04,400
in house arrest

1691
01:11:08,470 --> 01:11:06,800
and the philosophers refused to look

1692
01:11:08,870 --> 01:11:08,480
through his telescope because they knew

1693
01:11:12,070 --> 01:11:08,880
that

1694
01:11:15,350 --> 01:11:12,080
only prolonged

1695
01:11:17,430 --> 01:11:15,360
their ignorance and it didn't you know

1696
01:11:19,430 --> 01:11:17,440
it didn't the reality doesn't really

1697
01:11:21,750 --> 01:11:19,440
care whether we ignore it or not the

1698
01:11:25,030 --> 01:11:21,760
earth continued to move around the sun

1699
01:11:27,750 --> 01:11:25,040
and then you know there was another uh

1700
01:11:29,110 --> 01:11:27,760
person named jordano bruno that was

1701
01:11:31,510 --> 01:11:29,120
burnt on the stake

1702
01:11:34,149 --> 01:11:31,520
uh because he he argued that you know

1703
01:11:36,070 --> 01:11:34,159
other stars may be just like the sun and

1704
01:11:38,550 --> 01:11:36,080
they may have a planet like the earth

1705
01:11:41,669 --> 01:11:38,560
around them and there may be life

1706
01:11:44,229 --> 01:11:41,679
on those other planets and that

1707
01:11:45,030 --> 01:11:44,239
made some people quite upset because

1708
01:11:46,950 --> 01:11:45,040
they said

1709
01:11:48,149 --> 01:11:46,960
you know if there is life on those other

1710
01:11:50,790 --> 01:11:48,159
planets

1711
01:11:51,669 --> 01:11:50,800
and you believe in christianity then you

1712
01:11:54,630 --> 01:11:51,679
believe that

1713
01:11:57,270 --> 01:11:54,640
jesus should have visited those forms of

1714
01:11:59,189 --> 01:11:57,280
life to save them from their sins and

1715
01:12:00,709 --> 01:11:59,199
then you need a lot of copies for every

1716
01:12:03,750 --> 01:12:00,719
planet you need a copy of

1717
01:12:06,070 --> 01:12:03,760
of christ and uh that made people

1718
01:12:08,470 --> 01:12:06,080
say oh that's a ridiculous idea and they

1719
01:12:11,910 --> 01:12:08,480
burned him on the stake um

1720
01:12:13,750 --> 01:12:11,920
and so and you know these situations

1721
01:12:15,990 --> 01:12:13,760
come back again and again and

1722
01:12:17,350 --> 01:12:16,000
you see them throughout history and for

1723
01:12:19,350 --> 01:12:17,360
example

1724
01:12:20,790 --> 01:12:19,360
you know even in the arts you see people

1725
01:12:23,510 --> 01:12:20,800
like

1726
01:12:24,790 --> 01:12:23,520
vincent van gogh you know he he

1727
01:12:28,229 --> 01:12:24,800
innovated

1728
01:12:30,470 --> 01:12:28,239
in in paint in his paintings and uh

1729
01:12:31,270 --> 01:12:30,480
was pretty much regarded as a madman

1730
01:12:34,709 --> 01:12:31,280
during his

1731
01:12:37,910 --> 01:12:34,719
his life but then decades later

1732
01:12:41,430 --> 01:12:37,920
his painting style was adopted by

1733
01:12:43,390 --> 01:12:41,440
expressionists and and he was

1734
01:12:45,030 --> 01:12:43,400
regarded as a genius that was

1735
01:12:47,910 --> 01:12:45,040
unrecognized and

1736
01:12:48,870 --> 01:12:47,920
uh and you see those patterns come back

1737
01:12:52,149 --> 01:12:48,880
again and again

1738
01:12:55,189 --> 01:12:52,159
you know continental drift there was

1739
01:12:57,030 --> 01:12:55,199
uh the early suggestion that was ignored

1740
01:13:00,470 --> 01:12:57,040
and and ridiculed and then

1741
01:13:04,390 --> 01:13:00,480
it became popular and the same with uh

1742
01:13:07,669 --> 01:13:04,400
genetic heredity and then

1743
01:13:08,870 --> 01:13:07,679
the point is that one should be guided

1744
01:13:12,070 --> 01:13:08,880
by the evidence

1745
01:13:15,430 --> 01:13:12,080
not by the number of likes on twitter

1746
01:13:17,910 --> 01:13:15,440
and um you know it's a very common

1747
01:13:18,950 --> 01:13:17,920
thing for people to resist a change in

1748
01:13:21,110 --> 01:13:18,960
their beliefs

1749
01:13:23,430 --> 01:13:21,120
and you would think that by now

1750
01:13:25,189 --> 01:13:23,440
scientists will be more open-minded and

1751
01:13:27,030 --> 01:13:25,199
and just pay attention to evidence and

1752
01:13:28,870 --> 01:13:27,040
not to their comfort zone

1753
01:13:30,630 --> 01:13:28,880
but it's not the case apparently it's a

1754
01:13:32,870 --> 01:13:30,640
human nature to

1755
01:13:33,990 --> 01:13:32,880
get attached to all the ideas and not

1756
01:13:35,750 --> 01:13:34,000
consider them

1757
01:13:37,750 --> 01:13:35,760
and and in this case you know there is

1758
01:13:39,750 --> 01:13:37,760
one other thing i should mention is

1759
01:13:41,189 --> 01:13:39,760
that people like to think that we are

1760
01:13:44,390 --> 01:13:41,199
special unique that

1761
01:13:46,310 --> 01:13:44,400
because that flatters our ego and

1762
01:13:48,149 --> 01:13:46,320
if you come and say oh there might be

1763
01:13:49,590 --> 01:13:48,159
life elsewhere and it might be even

1764
01:13:52,870 --> 01:13:49,600
smarter than we are and

1765
01:13:54,950 --> 01:13:52,880
we are you know not very different from

1766
01:13:56,709 --> 01:13:54,960
uh ants on a sidewalk you know there are

1767
01:13:57,189 --> 01:13:56,719
many of them there used to be many of

1768
01:13:59,189 --> 01:13:57,199
them

1769
01:14:00,630 --> 01:13:59,199
there is nothing really special about us

1770
01:14:02,870 --> 01:14:00,640
that offends people

1771
01:14:03,830 --> 01:14:02,880
they prefer to think that we are special

1772
01:14:05,669 --> 01:14:03,840
and unique and

1773
01:14:08,149 --> 01:14:05,679
as long as the evidence is not in their

1774
01:14:09,030 --> 01:14:08,159
face they would just continue to believe

1775
01:14:12,550 --> 01:14:09,040
that

1776
01:14:16,070 --> 01:14:12,560
teach us

1777
01:14:19,910 --> 01:14:16,080
always have a drink tester you know

1778
01:14:21,669 --> 01:14:19,920
i always have a drink tester i do um

1779
01:14:23,270 --> 01:14:21,679
he was i should tell you that he was

1780
01:14:26,390 --> 01:14:23,280
offered by his

1781
01:14:29,430 --> 01:14:26,400
student an escape route

1782
01:14:32,630 --> 01:14:29,440
to escape from the prison and not get

1783
01:14:34,390 --> 01:14:32,640
uh according to the story but he refused

1784
01:14:38,709 --> 01:14:34,400
to take that he said

1785
01:14:40,390 --> 01:14:38,719
i deserve you know i i should follow my

1786
01:14:41,990 --> 01:14:40,400
inner compass and and take the

1787
01:14:45,270 --> 01:14:42,000
consequences and

1788
01:14:49,189 --> 01:14:45,280
uh so he was that according to plato

1789
01:14:53,189 --> 01:14:49,199
you know he he was a very special person

1790
01:14:55,510 --> 01:14:53,199
um now if there's one controversial one

1791
01:14:57,830 --> 01:14:55,520
thing that i can't wrap my head around

1792
01:14:59,270 --> 01:14:57,840
and it's always very controversial when

1793
01:15:02,870 --> 01:14:59,280
it's brought up

1794
01:15:05,830 --> 01:15:02,880
is time started

1795
01:15:06,790 --> 01:15:05,840
with there are those out there that

1796
01:15:08,470 --> 01:15:06,800
suggest

1797
01:15:10,310 --> 01:15:08,480
time started at the beginning of the big

1798
01:15:13,830 --> 01:15:10,320
bang that's it there was

1799
01:15:16,149 --> 01:15:13,840
nothing before i have a hard time

1800
01:15:18,390 --> 01:15:16,159
understanding that and i think that most

1801
01:15:21,590 --> 01:15:18,400
people do it just doesn't make any sense

1802
01:15:22,870 --> 01:15:21,600
time is forever no matter what direction

1803
01:15:25,910 --> 01:15:22,880
you're going in

1804
01:15:27,030 --> 01:15:25,920
it couldn't have started and ended at

1805
01:15:30,070 --> 01:15:27,040
the big bang or

1806
01:15:31,030 --> 01:15:30,080
am i just completely off base no i tend

1807
01:15:33,030 --> 01:15:31,040
to agree with you

1808
01:15:34,149 --> 01:15:33,040
um i think it's a matter of common sense

1809
01:15:36,550 --> 01:15:34,159
to say

1810
01:15:38,550 --> 01:15:36,560
what we see around us you know in terms

1811
01:15:41,830 --> 01:15:38,560
of the expanding universe

1812
01:15:45,110 --> 01:15:41,840
is just one phase in

1813
01:15:46,790 --> 01:15:45,120
the history of whatever reality is and

1814
01:15:49,110 --> 01:15:46,800
and there is no reason why we would

1815
01:15:51,350 --> 01:15:49,120
assume that just because we can't

1816
01:15:53,110 --> 01:15:51,360
calculate what happened at the big bang

1817
01:15:56,790 --> 01:15:53,120
that things started then

1818
01:15:57,830 --> 01:15:56,800
you know the fact that einstein's theory

1819
01:15:59,990 --> 01:15:57,840
does not apply

1820
01:16:00,870 --> 01:16:00,000
to what happened before the big bang

1821
01:16:03,430 --> 01:16:00,880
doesn't mean that

1822
01:16:04,709 --> 01:16:03,440
nature doesn't you know it doesn't have

1823
01:16:05,189 --> 01:16:04,719
something that happened before the

1824
01:16:06,870 --> 01:16:05,199
beginning

1825
01:16:08,390 --> 01:16:06,880
just means that we can't calculate with

1826
01:16:10,310 --> 01:16:08,400
the einstein's theory

1827
01:16:12,470 --> 01:16:10,320
uh you know the same thing happens at

1828
01:16:14,630 --> 01:16:12,480
the center of a black hole

1829
01:16:15,750 --> 01:16:14,640
there is the so-called singularity there

1830
01:16:17,590 --> 01:16:15,760
all the matter gets

1831
01:16:18,870 --> 01:16:17,600
drained into a black hole it's the

1832
01:16:21,510 --> 01:16:18,880
ultimate prison

1833
01:16:22,550 --> 01:16:21,520
you can't escape from a black hole but

1834
01:16:25,590 --> 01:16:22,560
the questions

1835
01:16:26,870 --> 01:16:25,600
of as to what happens to this matter is

1836
01:16:28,950 --> 01:16:26,880
still unsolved

1837
01:16:29,910 --> 01:16:28,960
uh according again einstein's theory

1838
01:16:31,830 --> 01:16:29,920
breaks down

1839
01:16:34,070 --> 01:16:31,840
at a singularity at the center of a

1840
01:16:35,510 --> 01:16:34,080
black hole and we don't know really what

1841
01:16:37,189 --> 01:16:35,520
happens it just says

1842
01:16:38,950 --> 01:16:37,199
you know einstein's theory cannot

1843
01:16:40,790 --> 01:16:38,960
predict what happens but we need to

1844
01:16:41,830 --> 01:16:40,800
supplement it with quantum mechanics and

1845
01:16:43,510 --> 01:16:41,840
then we will know

1846
01:16:45,350 --> 01:16:43,520
and you know it's possible that there is

1847
01:16:48,070 --> 01:16:45,360
an object that forms there

1848
01:16:49,510 --> 01:16:48,080
that has a very high density just like a

1849
01:16:51,990 --> 01:16:49,520
star or something

1850
01:16:52,870 --> 01:16:52,000
or it's possible that the matter gets

1851
01:16:54,870 --> 01:16:52,880
channeled into

1852
01:16:55,910 --> 01:16:54,880
something else like another universe or

1853
01:16:57,990 --> 01:16:55,920
maybe

1854
01:16:59,030 --> 01:16:58,000
you know we that we just don't know and

1855
01:17:02,709 --> 01:16:59,040
my point is

1856
01:17:04,630 --> 01:17:02,719
that our inability to

1857
01:17:06,870 --> 01:17:04,640
calculate what happens under some

1858
01:17:07,270 --> 01:17:06,880
circumstances is just a reflection of

1859
01:17:09,189 --> 01:17:07,280
our

1860
01:17:10,630 --> 01:17:09,199
limitation it's not a reflection of

1861
01:17:12,310 --> 01:17:10,640
nature nature

1862
01:17:14,709 --> 01:17:12,320
probably had something before the big

1863
01:17:17,990 --> 01:17:14,719
bang we just have to figure it out

1864
01:17:20,550 --> 01:17:18,000
now i i don't want to go too sideways uh

1865
01:17:21,270 --> 01:17:20,560
with black holes because again that's a

1866
01:17:25,910 --> 01:17:21,280
whole

1867
01:17:29,110 --> 01:17:25,920
show in of itself but since we're here

1868
01:17:30,709 --> 01:17:29,120
what happens to information

1869
01:17:32,149 --> 01:17:30,719
that's the question that i have what

1870
01:17:35,430 --> 01:17:32,159
happens

1871
01:17:36,550 --> 01:17:35,440
to information you pass through a black

1872
01:17:40,470 --> 01:17:36,560
hole you're on the other

1873
01:17:42,550 --> 01:17:40,480
what where does the information go

1874
01:17:44,070 --> 01:17:42,560
that's a very good that you know that's

1875
01:17:46,550 --> 01:17:44,080
a very uh fundamental

1876
01:17:47,430 --> 01:17:46,560
answer of the problem in physics right

1877
01:17:50,550 --> 01:17:47,440
now

1878
01:17:52,390 --> 01:17:50,560
that matter

1879
01:17:54,470 --> 01:17:52,400
falls into a black hole and doesn't come

1880
01:17:54,950 --> 01:17:54,480
back that by itself is not a problem

1881
01:17:56,790 --> 01:17:54,960
because

1882
01:17:58,790 --> 01:17:56,800
if you look at the cat you know and the

1883
01:18:00,790 --> 01:17:58,800
cat walks behind the building

1884
01:18:02,630 --> 01:18:00,800
you don't see the cat anymore that

1885
01:18:03,910 --> 01:18:02,640
doesn't mean the cat doesn't exist and

1886
01:18:05,510 --> 01:18:03,920
information was lost

1887
01:18:07,910 --> 01:18:05,520
i mean it only means that you can't see

1888
01:18:09,750 --> 01:18:07,920
it so when matter falls into a black

1889
01:18:12,470 --> 01:18:09,760
hole by itself that's not

1890
01:18:14,470 --> 01:18:12,480
a paradox that's nothing unusual because

1891
01:18:15,669 --> 01:18:14,480
just like the cat going behind the wall

1892
01:18:17,510 --> 01:18:15,679
so you can't see it

1893
01:18:19,350 --> 01:18:17,520
so the matter fell into the black hole

1894
01:18:20,070 --> 01:18:19,360
you can't see it but it's still out

1895
01:18:23,910 --> 01:18:20,080
there

1896
01:18:30,790 --> 01:18:23,920
problem

1897
01:18:32,870 --> 01:18:30,800
um the realization that black holes do

1898
01:18:36,550 --> 01:18:32,880
not exist forever and in fact the

1899
01:18:40,149 --> 01:18:36,560
stephen hawking realized that about them

1900
01:18:41,350 --> 01:18:40,159
uh 50 years ago that the black holes

1901
01:18:44,390 --> 01:18:41,360
evaporate

1902
01:18:47,590 --> 01:18:44,400
that in fact the there is some

1903
01:18:50,310 --> 01:18:47,600
radiation emitted from them uh

1904
01:18:51,990 --> 01:18:50,320
that because you can't confine radiation

1905
01:18:53,910 --> 01:18:52,000
which has a wavelength

1906
01:18:55,910 --> 01:18:53,920
larger than the size of the black hole

1907
01:18:57,830 --> 01:18:55,920
so that radiation leaks out

1908
01:18:59,430 --> 01:18:57,840
it's not the ultimate prison for

1909
01:19:01,510 --> 01:18:59,440
everything it you know

1910
01:19:03,110 --> 01:19:01,520
things that cannot be localized within

1911
01:19:03,750 --> 01:19:03,120
the black hole like radiation with a

1912
01:19:05,910 --> 01:19:03,760
wavelength

1913
01:19:08,070 --> 01:19:05,920
bigger than the black that cannot be

1914
01:19:09,990 --> 01:19:08,080
trapped inside this prison and

1915
01:19:11,189 --> 01:19:10,000
and so it escapes and the black hole

1916
01:19:13,189 --> 01:19:11,199
leaks out

1917
01:19:15,030 --> 01:19:13,199
radiation all the time with a wavelength

1918
01:19:18,390 --> 01:19:15,040
comparable to its size

1919
01:19:19,990 --> 01:19:18,400
and that evaporation process leads to

1920
01:19:22,870 --> 01:19:20,000
the black hole disappearing

1921
01:19:24,310 --> 01:19:22,880
eventually and if the black hole

1922
01:19:27,830 --> 01:19:24,320
disappears

1923
01:19:30,630 --> 01:19:27,840
there is nothing but radiation which

1924
01:19:31,830 --> 01:19:30,640
hawking calculated to carry very little

1925
01:19:34,390 --> 01:19:31,840
information

1926
01:19:36,229 --> 01:19:34,400
uh and then the question is where did

1927
01:19:37,750 --> 01:19:36,239
the information that went into the black

1928
01:19:39,750 --> 01:19:37,760
hole where did it go if the black hole

1929
01:19:41,350 --> 01:19:39,760
evaporates and there is very little

1930
01:19:42,790 --> 01:19:41,360
information in the radiation that it

1931
01:19:45,189 --> 01:19:42,800
emits

1932
01:19:46,390 --> 01:19:45,199
where where is the information where did

1933
01:19:49,189 --> 01:19:46,400
it go

1934
01:19:51,189 --> 01:19:49,199
and that is a big paradox in physics

1935
01:19:53,910 --> 01:19:51,199
right now and

1936
01:19:55,430 --> 01:19:53,920
the physicists are arguing about it you

1937
01:19:58,630 --> 01:19:55,440
know for 50 years since

1938
01:20:00,709 --> 01:19:58,640
uh since uh that the hawking radiation

1939
01:20:04,070 --> 01:20:00,719
was first uh

1940
01:20:05,430 --> 01:20:04,080
recognized and and so uh it's an

1941
01:20:08,149 --> 01:20:05,440
unsolved problem

1942
01:20:09,030 --> 01:20:08,159
now uh man i've got so many black hole

1943
01:20:12,070 --> 01:20:09,040
questions okay

1944
01:20:14,950 --> 01:20:12,080
one more and then we move on

1945
01:20:15,990 --> 01:20:14,960
black holes i mean there's got to be a

1946
01:20:17,430 --> 01:20:16,000
drain

1947
01:20:19,669 --> 01:20:17,440
right there's got to be a garbage

1948
01:20:22,950 --> 01:20:19,679
disposal but what is the

1949
01:20:24,870 --> 01:20:22,960
shape of a black hole we always

1950
01:20:25,990 --> 01:20:24,880
you know the imaging that we see it's

1951
01:20:29,110 --> 01:20:26,000
always from the front

1952
01:20:32,470 --> 01:20:29,120
almost 2d what's on the back side

1953
01:20:33,350 --> 01:20:32,480
is is are is it circular is it flat like

1954
01:20:36,629 --> 01:20:33,360
a disc

1955
01:20:37,430 --> 01:20:36,639
and when it swallows a star i know that

1956
01:20:39,990 --> 01:20:37,440
the

1957
01:20:40,950 --> 01:20:40,000
diameter increases right okay we know

1958
01:20:44,470 --> 01:20:40,960
that right

1959
01:20:47,990 --> 01:20:44,480
but what happens with everything else

1960
01:20:49,910 --> 01:20:48,000
yeah so so a black hole um is um

1961
01:20:52,070 --> 01:20:49,920
you know if it doesn't spin it's it's

1962
01:20:53,750 --> 01:20:52,080
basically a spherical region

1963
01:20:55,430 --> 01:20:53,760
a region that looks like a sphere that

1964
01:20:57,189 --> 01:20:55,440
if you enter into it

1965
01:20:58,830 --> 01:20:57,199
and there is the so-called the boundary

1966
01:21:00,229 --> 01:20:58,840
of that region is called the event

1967
01:21:02,149 --> 01:21:00,239
horizon

1968
01:21:03,669 --> 01:21:02,159
nothing can escape that enters that

1969
01:21:05,990 --> 01:21:03,679
region you know and

1970
01:21:07,510 --> 01:21:06,000
even light cannot escape that's the the

1971
01:21:10,070 --> 01:21:07,520
definition of the black hole there is

1972
01:21:12,390 --> 01:21:10,080
this event horizon surrounding it

1973
01:21:13,990 --> 01:21:12,400
and the size of this event horizon uh

1974
01:21:16,950 --> 01:21:14,000
you know for

1975
01:21:18,310 --> 01:21:16,960
the sun for example is of the order of

1976
01:21:24,390 --> 01:21:18,320
um

1977
01:21:25,910 --> 01:21:24,400
uh it's about three kilometers or a

1978
01:21:28,149 --> 01:21:25,920
couple of miles

1979
01:21:29,510 --> 01:21:28,159
uh but the the bigger the more massive

1980
01:21:32,070 --> 01:21:29,520
the black hole is

1981
01:21:33,910 --> 01:21:32,080
and we see black holes up to 10 billion

1982
01:21:36,310 --> 01:21:33,920
times the mass of the sun

1983
01:21:37,750 --> 01:21:36,320
the the more massive the black hole the

1984
01:21:39,669 --> 01:21:37,760
bigger is the

1985
01:21:41,990 --> 01:21:39,679
the size of the event horizons it's it's

1986
01:21:44,390 --> 01:21:42,000
just proportional to its mass

1987
01:21:45,990 --> 01:21:44,400
and then then the question is okay

1988
01:21:48,229 --> 01:21:46,000
suppose

1989
01:21:49,669 --> 01:21:48,239
you enter the black hole region you know

1990
01:21:53,750 --> 01:21:49,679
the event horizon

1991
01:21:57,270 --> 01:21:53,760
what happens to you and i

1992
01:22:00,550 --> 01:21:57,280
thought about this question um when

1993
01:22:03,270 --> 01:22:00,560
the basement in my house at my home

1994
01:22:04,629 --> 01:22:03,280
uh got flooded because you know at some

1995
01:22:07,430 --> 01:22:04,639
point

1996
01:22:08,950 --> 01:22:07,440
i noticed that it was flooded and i

1997
01:22:09,430 --> 01:22:08,960
called the plumber and we found that

1998
01:22:12,629 --> 01:22:09,440
there were

1999
01:22:13,270 --> 01:22:12,639
tree roots blocking the sewer and that

2000
01:22:15,350 --> 01:22:13,280
led me

2001
01:22:17,270 --> 01:22:15,360
to think uh while i was helping the

2002
01:22:20,629 --> 01:22:17,280
plumber to solve the problem

2003
01:22:24,070 --> 01:22:20,639
to think um that in fact you know

2004
01:22:27,189 --> 01:22:24,080
prior to this i always you know imagine

2005
01:22:27,990 --> 01:22:27,199
the water coming down going down the

2006
01:22:31,590 --> 01:22:28,000
drain but

2007
01:22:33,510 --> 01:22:31,600
never thought where it's going to and um

2008
01:22:35,750 --> 01:22:33,520
and so the question is what happens to

2009
01:22:36,149 --> 01:22:35,760
the matter that falls into a black hole

2010
01:22:37,910 --> 01:22:36,159
that's

2011
01:22:39,669 --> 01:22:37,920
another thing that not many people think

2012
01:22:41,510 --> 01:22:39,679
about and

2013
01:22:42,870 --> 01:22:41,520
you know in the case of the water going

2014
01:22:46,229 --> 01:22:42,880
down the sewer

2015
01:22:49,030 --> 01:22:46,239
it goes to some collection facility

2016
01:22:50,629 --> 01:22:49,040
uh that the town has and in the case of

2017
01:22:52,310 --> 01:22:50,639
a black hole we don't know where it's

2018
01:22:53,669 --> 01:22:52,320
going it has to do with the nature of

2019
01:22:56,790 --> 01:22:53,679
that singularity and

2020
01:22:57,430 --> 01:22:56,800
it could be a an object you know it

2021
01:23:00,149 --> 01:22:57,440
could be

2022
01:23:02,070 --> 01:23:00,159
a matter at some very high density the

2023
01:23:04,390 --> 01:23:02,080
highest density we can imagine

2024
01:23:06,149 --> 01:23:04,400
uh where quantum mechanics and gravity

2025
01:23:09,350 --> 01:23:06,159
uh play

2026
01:23:12,070 --> 01:23:09,360
important roles and or it could be that

2027
01:23:13,590 --> 01:23:12,080
you know the matter exits to some other

2028
01:23:15,590 --> 01:23:13,600
universe somewhere and

2029
01:23:17,270 --> 01:23:15,600
we just don't know because we don't have

2030
01:23:19,510 --> 01:23:17,280
a theory that unifies

2031
01:23:20,790 --> 01:23:19,520
gravity with quantum mechanics we would

2032
01:23:24,870 --> 01:23:20,800
have to

2033
01:23:27,270 --> 01:23:24,880
capture an image of a galaxy

2034
01:23:28,629 --> 01:23:27,280
sideways right where you would look at

2035
01:23:31,590 --> 01:23:28,639
the flat side

2036
01:23:33,030 --> 01:23:31,600
so you could see the the possibility of

2037
01:23:33,510 --> 01:23:33,040
what is on the other side of that black

2038
01:23:36,709 --> 01:23:33,520
hole

2039
01:23:39,189 --> 01:23:36,719
i've always pictured like a tornado

2040
01:23:41,030 --> 01:23:39,199
maybe some kind of vortex if it is

2041
01:23:44,550 --> 01:23:41,040
spiraling from the front

2042
01:23:48,550 --> 01:23:44,560
maybe on the back it's some kind of

2043
01:23:49,270 --> 01:23:48,560
conical shaped vortex well uh we have an

2044
01:23:52,870 --> 01:23:49,280
image

2045
01:23:54,870 --> 01:23:52,880
of a black hole it was derived actually

2046
01:23:58,070 --> 01:23:54,880
in the conference room of the

2047
01:24:00,070 --> 01:23:58,080
black hole center that that i uh founded

2048
01:24:02,950 --> 01:24:00,080
at harvard university i'm the

2049
01:24:03,669 --> 01:24:02,960
founding director of that um and and

2050
01:24:06,390 --> 01:24:03,679
what we see

2051
01:24:08,709 --> 01:24:06,400
is a shadow uh you know we we just see

2052
01:24:10,950 --> 01:24:08,719
no light coming from the inside of a

2053
01:24:13,189 --> 01:24:10,960
black hole we just see a dark shadow

2054
01:24:17,189 --> 01:24:13,199
this is the black hole at the center of

2055
01:24:20,709 --> 01:24:17,199
uh a giant galaxy called the m87

2056
01:24:23,350 --> 01:24:20,719
and that black hole it has 6

2057
01:24:25,110 --> 01:24:23,360
billion times the mass of the sun it's a

2058
01:24:27,430 --> 01:24:25,120
very big one and we can see it we can

2059
01:24:29,669 --> 01:24:27,440
resolve the shadow

2060
01:24:31,510 --> 01:24:29,679
but that tells us nothing about what

2061
01:24:34,550 --> 01:24:31,520
happens inside

2062
01:24:35,430 --> 01:24:34,560
uh and as i as i said there is no way

2063
01:24:38,950 --> 01:24:35,440
for light

2064
01:24:39,669 --> 01:24:38,960
to escape from the inside so you really

2065
01:24:41,590 --> 01:24:39,679
need to get

2066
01:24:44,229 --> 01:24:41,600
in to get sucked into a black hole in

2067
01:24:45,990 --> 01:24:44,239
order to see what happens inside and

2068
01:24:47,990 --> 01:24:46,000
i wouldn't recommend that even to my

2069
01:24:50,629 --> 01:24:48,000
best friends now i i

2070
01:24:51,270 --> 01:24:50,639
often wonder you know one day who's

2071
01:24:55,910 --> 01:24:51,280
who's

2072
01:24:58,629 --> 01:24:55,920
that trip

2073
01:25:00,310 --> 01:24:58,639
well i actually okay so i i told my

2074
01:25:00,950 --> 01:25:00,320
class at harvard i asked them two

2075
01:25:05,110 --> 01:25:00,960
questions

2076
01:25:08,709 --> 01:25:05,120
and one if you if there was a spaceship

2077
01:25:11,030 --> 01:25:08,719
landing uh on earth and uh

2078
01:25:11,990 --> 01:25:11,040
and the aliens would ask you to come go

2079
01:25:15,510 --> 01:25:12,000
on board would you

2080
01:25:19,110 --> 01:25:15,520
do it and the all the students said yes

2081
01:25:21,189 --> 01:25:19,120
happily as long as they're allowed to uh

2082
01:25:22,950 --> 01:25:21,199
share their experience on social media

2083
01:25:24,629 --> 01:25:22,960
so they had one precondition that

2084
01:25:25,430 --> 01:25:24,639
they'll be able to communicate take

2085
01:25:27,510 --> 01:25:25,440
photographs

2086
01:25:29,510 --> 01:25:27,520
take selfies with the aliens and so

2087
01:25:32,310 --> 01:25:29,520
forth live stream

2088
01:25:33,110 --> 01:25:32,320
i i was surprised by this because for me

2089
01:25:36,149 --> 01:25:33,120
you know just

2090
01:25:38,709 --> 01:25:36,159
if i go on an adventurous trip let's say

2091
01:25:40,550 --> 01:25:38,719
climbing the himalayas or somewhere i

2092
01:25:42,310 --> 01:25:40,560
would care less about sharing it with

2093
01:25:44,310 --> 01:25:42,320
anyone i would enjoy

2094
01:25:46,070 --> 01:25:44,320
just you know the thrill of doing

2095
01:25:48,070 --> 01:25:46,080
something unusual i mean i

2096
01:25:49,270 --> 01:25:48,080
i wouldn't care whether other people are

2097
01:25:51,430 --> 01:25:49,280
sharing it with me

2098
01:25:52,470 --> 01:25:51,440
now abby well hold on hold on before the

2099
01:25:55,750 --> 01:25:52,480
break i

2100
01:25:58,550 --> 01:25:55,760
i have to throw that at you then the

2101
01:25:59,189 --> 01:25:58,560
you know the ship lands right the ship

2102
01:26:01,910 --> 01:25:59,199
lands

2103
01:26:03,110 --> 01:26:01,920
and they say javi come on let's go do

2104
01:26:06,070 --> 01:26:03,120
you go

2105
01:26:07,350 --> 01:26:06,080
oh definitely my wife says if they land

2106
01:26:10,229 --> 01:26:07,360
in our backyard

2107
01:26:12,070 --> 01:26:10,239
i should make sure that of two things

2108
01:26:13,189 --> 01:26:12,080
one that they leave the car keys with

2109
01:26:16,470 --> 01:26:13,199
her

2110
01:26:19,510 --> 01:26:16,480
second that they will not ruin the loan

2111
01:26:21,990 --> 01:26:19,520
uh when they take off fair enough

2112
01:26:22,709 --> 01:26:22,000
our guest tonight professor avilo from

2113
01:26:26,070 --> 01:26:22,719
harvard

2114
01:26:28,310 --> 01:26:26,080
we've got lots to do tonight like i said

2115
01:26:29,830 --> 01:26:28,320
i'm going to school there'll be a pop

2116
01:26:31,590 --> 01:26:29,840
quiz later on tonight

2117
01:26:33,669 --> 01:26:31,600
this is fade to black i am your host

2118
01:26:34,950 --> 01:26:33,679
jimmy church more with professor loeb

2119
01:26:50,950 --> 01:26:34,960
after this short break

2120
01:26:57,189 --> 01:26:54,149
way out here we listen to jimmy church

2121
01:26:59,110 --> 01:26:57,199
you're listening to fade to black

2122
01:27:00,229 --> 01:26:59,120
always on the edge of the hottest

2123
01:27:16,830 --> 01:27:00,239
alternative talk

2124
01:27:21,189 --> 01:27:19,110
kgraradio.com

2125
01:27:23,189 --> 01:27:21,199
do you want to be an official fate or

2126
01:27:25,189 --> 01:27:23,199
not of course you do

2127
01:27:27,189 --> 01:27:25,199
this is jimmy church of fade to black

2128
01:27:30,470 --> 01:27:27,199
just go to our membership section

2129
01:27:32,709 --> 01:27:30,480
at jimmychurchradio.com

2130
01:27:35,270 --> 01:27:32,719
this is jimmy church and i'll be at the

2131
01:27:37,030 --> 01:27:35,280
ufo megacon this june 6th through the

2132
01:27:39,669 --> 01:27:37,040
12th 2021

2133
01:27:40,470 --> 01:27:39,679
in laughlin nevada the laughlin ufo

2134
01:27:43,189 --> 01:27:40,480
megacon

2135
01:27:44,229 --> 01:27:43,199
is unique it's seven days of education

2136
01:27:47,510 --> 01:27:44,239
and disclosure

2137
01:27:49,510 --> 01:27:47,520
it's unlike all other ufo conferences

2138
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the laughlin ufo mega conference

2139
01:27:54,709 --> 01:27:52,159
specializes in bringing you new people

2140
01:27:56,709 --> 01:27:54,719
offering new information and disclosure

2141
01:27:59,350 --> 01:27:56,719
all of this is offered at prices so

2142
01:28:00,629 --> 01:27:59,360
low you can actually afford to be there

2143
01:28:03,110 --> 01:28:00,639
for instance

2144
01:28:05,910 --> 01:28:03,120
seven night hotel packages one or two

2145
01:28:08,709 --> 01:28:05,920
people start at just 320

2146
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2147
01:28:11,350 --> 01:28:10,719
why the laughlin ufo mega conference

2148
01:28:13,510 --> 01:28:11,360
exists

2149
01:28:15,189 --> 01:28:13,520
join us for all seven days or a half a

2150
01:28:18,510 --> 01:28:15,199
week or just a day or two

2151
01:28:19,750 --> 01:28:18,520
but join us go to

2152
01:28:22,550 --> 01:28:19,760
laughlinufomegaconference.com

2153
01:28:23,910 --> 01:28:22,560
register now the only thing keeping you

2154
01:28:27,629 --> 01:28:23,920
from being with all of us

2155
01:28:35,270 --> 01:28:27,639
is you just go to laughlin ufo

2156
01:28:39,110 --> 01:28:37,270
vader knots when you think about the

2157
01:28:41,030 --> 01:28:39,120
future of our country and where we're

2158
01:28:42,310 --> 01:28:41,040
headed do you wonder about the food

2159
01:28:44,790 --> 01:28:42,320
supply i

2160
01:28:46,070 --> 01:28:44,800
do disruptions in the food supply chain

2161
01:28:48,229 --> 01:28:46,080
could be disastrous

2162
01:28:50,470 --> 01:28:48,239
and they usually occur with little

2163
01:28:51,510 --> 01:28:50,480
warning that's why the smartest thing

2164
01:28:54,709 --> 01:28:51,520
you can do today

2165
01:28:57,030 --> 01:28:54,719
is to stockpile emergency food water

2166
01:28:58,149 --> 01:28:57,040
and other essentials i personally

2167
01:29:00,310 --> 01:28:58,159
recommend my

2168
01:29:02,790 --> 01:29:00,320
patriot supply they're the nation's

2169
01:29:05,110 --> 01:29:02,800
largest emergency preparedness company

2170
01:29:06,229 --> 01:29:05,120
serving millions of customers for more

2171
01:29:08,550 --> 01:29:06,239
than a decade

2172
01:29:11,270 --> 01:29:08,560
in fact they're the only source my

2173
01:29:14,390 --> 01:29:11,280
family trust for our preparedness plan

2174
01:29:16,950 --> 01:29:14,400
you should too right now save 20

2175
01:29:17,990 --> 01:29:16,960
off a full four week supply of delicious

2176
01:29:21,270 --> 01:29:18,000
meals that provide

2177
01:29:24,390 --> 01:29:21,280
2 000 calories a day saving 20

2178
01:29:27,189 --> 01:29:24,400
helps too doesn't it especially now so

2179
01:29:27,830 --> 01:29:27,199
go to prepare with jimmy.com and get

2180
01:29:31,189 --> 01:29:27,840
ready

2181
01:29:32,470 --> 01:29:31,199
that's prepare with jimmy.com there's no

2182
01:29:35,750 --> 01:29:32,480
time to lose

2183
01:29:39,070 --> 01:29:35,760
do it now so you

2184
01:29:40,310 --> 01:29:39,080
love talk radio then you'll love

2185
01:29:43,430 --> 01:29:40,320
talkstreamlive.com

2186
01:29:45,110 --> 01:29:43,440
talk stream live is always on 24 7 with

2187
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2188
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2192
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2193
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2194
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2195
01:30:06,310 --> 01:30:02,880
download the free apps from google play

2196
01:30:09,510 --> 01:30:06,320
or the itunes app store

2197
01:30:15,790 --> 01:30:09,520
you listen to us and we listen to you

2198
01:30:15,800 --> 01:30:19,510
kgraradio.com

2199
01:30:26,390 --> 01:30:21,590
you are listening to fate to black with

2200
01:30:29,990 --> 01:30:28,870
hi i'm rhys evans you're listening to

2201
01:30:33,110 --> 01:30:30,000
jimmy church

2202
01:30:34,390 --> 01:30:33,120
this is revolution the revolution will

2203
01:30:46,830 --> 01:30:34,400
not be televised

2204
01:30:46,840 --> 01:31:21,590
ciao

2205
01:31:25,669 --> 01:31:23,270
okay welcome back fade to black i'm

2206
01:31:26,709 --> 01:31:25,679
yours jimmy church tonight professor avi

2207
01:31:29,990 --> 01:31:26,719
loeb is with us

2208
01:31:33,030 --> 01:31:30,000
i am going to school which means you are

2209
01:31:34,629 --> 01:31:33,040
too we've got lots to cover tonight and

2210
01:31:36,470 --> 01:31:34,639
uh now professor lopez this is where i

2211
01:31:39,350 --> 01:31:36,480
want to go now

2212
01:31:39,750 --> 01:31:39,360
yes the milky way is a big place yes it

2213
01:31:42,950 --> 01:31:39,760
is

2214
01:31:45,590 --> 01:31:42,960
old we don't know about the big bang

2215
01:31:46,790 --> 01:31:45,600
and what happened before one day we'll

2216
01:31:50,149 --> 01:31:46,800
find out

2217
01:31:51,270 --> 01:31:50,159
but where we are today um one of the

2218
01:31:53,590 --> 01:31:51,280
things that i

2219
01:31:54,709 --> 01:31:53,600
i did last week on the show and you'll

2220
01:31:56,229 --> 01:31:54,719
enjoy this

2221
01:31:57,750 --> 01:31:56,239
the last half hour of the show instead

2222
01:32:01,350 --> 01:31:57,760
of taking calls

2223
01:32:05,030 --> 01:32:01,360
i went off on my soap box

2224
01:32:08,149 --> 01:32:05,040
about how big the universe is

2225
01:32:11,110 --> 01:32:08,159
and i don't think when i when i throw

2226
01:32:13,510 --> 01:32:11,120
these numbers out and i'm not a phd

2227
01:32:15,510 --> 01:32:13,520
but when i throw these numbers out and

2228
01:32:16,470 --> 01:32:15,520
people really start to contemplate the

2229
01:32:19,669 --> 01:32:16,480
totality

2230
01:32:20,629 --> 01:32:19,679
of what i am saying then they start to

2231
01:32:23,830 --> 01:32:20,639
understand how big

2232
01:32:27,110 --> 01:32:23,840
it is but right now the

2233
01:32:29,270 --> 01:32:27,120
latest number you know 95 billion

2234
01:32:32,790 --> 01:32:29,280
light years across in the observable

2235
01:32:36,070 --> 01:32:32,800
universe that's insanity to me

2236
01:32:41,189 --> 01:32:36,080
right um so the light that we can see

2237
01:32:44,950 --> 01:32:41,199
since the big bang went um

2238
01:32:45,510 --> 01:32:44,960
on a journey that lasted 13.8 billion

2239
01:32:48,629 --> 01:32:45,520
years

2240
01:32:50,470 --> 01:32:48,639
to reach us so the big bang was 13.8

2241
01:32:51,270 --> 01:32:50,480
billion years ago the way we can find

2242
01:32:54,950 --> 01:32:51,280
out

2243
01:32:57,830 --> 01:32:54,960
what it is is if you measure the

2244
01:32:59,510 --> 01:32:57,840
recession speed of galaxies away from us

2245
01:33:00,149 --> 01:32:59,520
we see how the universe is expanding you

2246
01:33:02,390 --> 01:33:00,159
take the

2247
01:33:04,149 --> 01:33:02,400
recession speed and you know the

2248
01:33:05,910 --> 01:33:04,159
distances to those galaxies if you take

2249
01:33:06,870 --> 01:33:05,920
the distance divide by the recession

2250
01:33:09,030 --> 01:33:06,880
speed you know

2251
01:33:10,709 --> 01:33:09,040
how long ago were these galaxies on top

2252
01:33:14,310 --> 01:33:10,719
of each other the big bang

2253
01:33:17,110 --> 01:33:14,320
and that happened to be about 13.8

2254
01:33:18,229 --> 01:33:17,120
billion years ago so all the light that

2255
01:33:21,430 --> 01:33:18,239
we see

2256
01:33:22,350 --> 01:33:21,440
uh traversed the vast distances of the

2257
01:33:25,910 --> 01:33:22,360
universe for

2258
01:33:27,669 --> 01:33:25,920
13.8 billion years but uh in principle

2259
01:33:28,070 --> 01:33:27,679
the universe can be much bigger than

2260
01:33:30,950 --> 01:33:28,080
that

2261
01:33:31,750 --> 01:33:30,960
because there is light emitted from more

2262
01:33:34,709 --> 01:33:31,760
distant

2263
01:33:35,189 --> 01:33:34,719
larger distances that haven't reached us

2264
01:33:38,149 --> 01:33:35,199
yet

2265
01:33:39,189 --> 01:33:38,159
or maybe will never reach us so as far

2266
01:33:41,750 --> 01:33:39,199
as we can tell

2267
01:33:43,189 --> 01:33:41,760
the conditions are very similar on very

2268
01:33:45,350 --> 01:33:43,199
large scale so

2269
01:33:47,270 --> 01:33:45,360
if i had to guess i would say the

2270
01:33:48,790 --> 01:33:47,280
conditions we find in the observable

2271
01:33:52,390 --> 01:33:48,800
volume around us

2272
01:33:55,189 --> 01:33:52,400
are probably replicated uh in a much

2273
01:33:58,709 --> 01:33:55,199
bigger volume than we can see

2274
01:34:03,189 --> 01:33:58,719
if if that is the case and

2275
01:34:04,709 --> 01:34:03,199
the current uh estimates are 1 trillion

2276
01:34:08,790 --> 01:34:04,719
galaxies

2277
01:34:12,310 --> 01:34:08,800
trillion

2278
01:34:15,430 --> 01:34:12,320
each one of those has somewhere between

2279
01:34:18,149 --> 01:34:15,440
50 billion and a trillion stars each and

2280
01:34:19,830 --> 01:34:18,159
each one of those theoretically should

2281
01:34:22,870 --> 01:34:19,840
have a planet

2282
01:34:25,830 --> 01:34:22,880
now we are talking about numbers that we

2283
01:34:26,229 --> 01:34:25,840
is impossible to wrap your head around

2284
01:34:29,350 --> 01:34:26,239
yeah

2285
01:34:32,470 --> 01:34:29,360
we are talking about the one with 21

2286
01:34:33,030 --> 01:34:32,480
zeros after it the 10 to the power 21 or

2287
01:34:35,590 --> 01:34:33,040
so of

2288
01:34:36,950 --> 01:34:35,600
habitable planets just in the observable

2289
01:34:39,830 --> 01:34:36,960
volume of the universe

2290
01:34:41,750 --> 01:34:39,840
and there could be many more outside and

2291
01:34:42,310 --> 01:34:41,760
it's more than the number of grains of

2292
01:34:45,030 --> 01:34:42,320
sand

2293
01:34:45,990 --> 01:34:45,040
on all beaches on earth so if you think

2294
01:34:48,310 --> 01:34:46,000
about an emperor

2295
01:34:49,669 --> 01:34:48,320
or a king that they conquered a piece of

2296
01:34:51,910 --> 01:34:49,679
land here on earth

2297
01:34:53,910 --> 01:34:51,920
you know people tend to feel very proud

2298
01:34:57,750 --> 01:34:53,920
of themselves when they do that but

2299
01:34:59,990 --> 01:34:57,760
that's just like an ant hugging a single

2300
01:35:02,709 --> 01:35:00,000
grain of sand on the landscape of a huge

2301
01:35:03,830 --> 01:35:02,719
beach it's not very impressive no it's

2302
01:35:09,189 --> 01:35:03,840
not

2303
01:35:11,270 --> 01:35:09,199
now um uh the size of everything

2304
01:35:13,430 --> 01:35:11,280
where we are talking about the

2305
01:35:14,070 --> 01:35:13,440
observable universe i think this is

2306
01:35:16,870 --> 01:35:14,080
where people

2307
01:35:18,870 --> 01:35:16,880
start to get a little bit confused well

2308
01:35:21,830 --> 01:35:18,880
we're talking about 90 95 billion light

2309
01:35:23,910 --> 01:35:21,840
years across but yet it's only 13.8

2310
01:35:25,990 --> 01:35:23,920
billion years old those numbers don't

2311
01:35:29,030 --> 01:35:26,000
match up in most people's minds

2312
01:35:29,669 --> 01:35:29,040
right and i can explain that so um the

2313
01:35:32,470 --> 01:35:29,679
point is

2314
01:35:35,270 --> 01:35:32,480
light traveled since the big bang for

2315
01:35:38,390 --> 01:35:35,280
13.8 billion years so

2316
01:35:41,430 --> 01:35:38,400
um what we see um

2317
01:35:41,990 --> 01:35:41,440
is light that went the distance for that

2318
01:35:45,030 --> 01:35:42,000
amount of

2319
01:35:47,830 --> 01:35:45,040
time but if you ask right now

2320
01:35:50,470 --> 01:35:47,840
where is the point that emitted that

2321
01:35:51,350 --> 01:35:50,480
light 13.8 billion years ago so that

2322
01:35:53,430 --> 01:35:51,360
point

2323
01:35:55,270 --> 01:35:53,440
is much farther out because the universe

2324
01:35:58,629 --> 01:35:55,280
expanded since then

2325
01:36:01,990 --> 01:35:58,639
so the point is that 13.8 billion years

2326
01:36:04,070 --> 01:36:02,000
is the amount of time that elapsed for

2327
01:36:06,950 --> 01:36:04,080
you know since the big bang but but the

2328
01:36:09,990 --> 01:36:06,960
point that emitted the light that we see

2329
01:36:13,189 --> 01:36:10,000
went much farther than 13.8 billion

2330
01:36:15,270 --> 01:36:13,199
light years away because in during the

2331
01:36:15,750 --> 01:36:15,280
time that the light was coming towards

2332
01:36:18,790 --> 01:36:15,760
us

2333
01:36:21,030 --> 01:36:18,800
and they were

2334
01:36:22,870 --> 01:36:21,040
going a larger distance so right now if

2335
01:36:25,270 --> 01:36:22,880
you were to make a snapshot

2336
01:36:27,189 --> 01:36:25,280
those points that emitted the light are

2337
01:36:29,990 --> 01:36:27,199
much farther out

2338
01:36:32,790 --> 01:36:30,000
so what is it that okay when we talk

2339
01:36:38,070 --> 01:36:32,800
about the observable universe

2340
01:36:39,669 --> 01:36:38,080
what is it that we can see if it's 95.95

2341
01:36:42,390 --> 01:36:39,679
billion light years across that means

2342
01:36:46,070 --> 01:36:42,400
half of it is about 40

2343
01:36:48,390 --> 01:36:46,080
right 45 uh billion light years

2344
01:36:50,629 --> 01:36:48,400
that's half of if you put ourselves

2345
01:36:53,910 --> 01:36:50,639
theoretically at the center

2346
01:36:55,030 --> 01:36:53,920
then how is it that we would be able to

2347
01:36:58,550 --> 01:36:55,040
observe

2348
01:36:58,950 --> 01:36:58,560
that far out or or can we because that

2349
01:37:02,310 --> 01:36:58,960
light

2350
01:37:03,750 --> 01:37:02,320
would have taken 13.8 billion years it

2351
01:37:05,189 --> 01:37:03,760
seems to me

2352
01:37:07,350 --> 01:37:05,199
that we're only seeing a third of the

2353
01:37:10,629 --> 01:37:07,360
way out no no

2354
01:37:13,350 --> 01:37:10,639
so we are seeing light that was emitted

2355
01:37:14,790 --> 01:37:13,360
13.8 billion years ago and in fact we do

2356
01:37:16,550 --> 01:37:14,800
see that light

2357
01:37:18,870 --> 01:37:16,560
it's called the cosmic microwave

2358
01:37:20,310 --> 01:37:18,880
background it's radiation that filled up

2359
01:37:27,750 --> 01:37:20,320
the universe

2360
01:37:29,910 --> 01:37:27,760
and then at some point in time about 400

2361
01:37:31,430 --> 01:37:29,920
000 years after the big bang a very

2362
01:37:34,629 --> 01:37:31,440
short amount of time 400

2363
01:37:35,910 --> 01:37:34,639
000 years at that point the universe

2364
01:37:39,430 --> 01:37:35,920
became transparent

2365
01:37:42,550 --> 01:37:39,440
and that light was able to travel

2366
01:37:43,350 --> 01:37:42,560
freely throughout the universe so what

2367
01:37:47,270 --> 01:37:43,360
we see

2368
01:37:47,990 --> 01:37:47,280
as the radiation came from about 400 000

2369
01:37:50,070 --> 01:37:48,000
years after

2370
01:37:51,910 --> 01:37:50,080
the big bang and it's pretty much the

2371
01:37:52,550 --> 01:37:51,920
same as coming from the big bang itself

2372
01:37:55,910 --> 01:37:52,560
because

2373
01:37:57,910 --> 01:37:55,920
13.8 billion years later you know that

2374
01:37:59,750 --> 01:37:57,920
it looks like as if it started at the

2375
01:38:02,950 --> 01:37:59,760
beginning and

2376
01:38:04,390 --> 01:38:02,960
the point is that we see that light and

2377
01:38:07,910 --> 01:38:04,400
that light

2378
01:38:09,109 --> 01:38:07,920
came to us from a spherical region

2379
01:38:13,350 --> 01:38:09,119
around us

2380
01:38:14,229 --> 01:38:13,360
and and and it went for 13.8 billion

2381
01:38:17,430 --> 01:38:14,239
years

2382
01:38:19,430 --> 01:38:17,440
to get to us and that's what we see now

2383
01:38:20,709 --> 01:38:19,440
what we see is a snapshot of how the

2384
01:38:24,070 --> 01:38:20,719
universe looked like

2385
01:38:26,470 --> 01:38:24,080
at that point in time very early on 400

2386
01:38:27,830 --> 01:38:26,480
000 years after the big bang we see how

2387
01:38:30,229 --> 01:38:27,840
the universe looked like

2388
01:38:30,950 --> 01:38:30,239
we can actually see it and we have an

2389
01:38:33,030 --> 01:38:30,960
image of that

2390
01:38:34,550 --> 01:38:33,040
it's it's the image of the cosmic

2391
01:38:36,629 --> 01:38:34,560
microwave background and

2392
01:38:37,590 --> 01:38:36,639
we have that image to an exquisite

2393
01:38:40,149 --> 01:38:37,600
precision

2394
01:38:41,990 --> 01:38:40,159
and we can see variations in the

2395
01:38:47,189 --> 01:38:42,000
brightness of the light

2396
01:38:54,310 --> 01:38:50,229
a million or or 10 million

2397
01:38:56,229 --> 01:38:54,320
uh we can see the variations are

2398
01:38:58,149 --> 01:38:56,239
typically as large as one part in a

2399
01:39:00,310 --> 01:38:58,159
hundred thousand but we have a very high

2400
01:39:00,629 --> 01:39:00,320
precision of measuring those variations

2401
01:39:06,070 --> 01:39:00,639
and

2402
01:39:09,350 --> 01:39:06,080
all the objects we see nowadays these

2403
01:39:12,070 --> 01:39:09,360
initially as i said there were small

2404
01:39:14,149 --> 01:39:12,080
variations in the density of matter and

2405
01:39:16,149 --> 01:39:14,159
then they grew over time where

2406
01:39:17,830 --> 01:39:16,159
regions that were denser than average

2407
01:39:19,270 --> 01:39:17,840
collapsed upon themselves to make

2408
01:39:21,590 --> 01:39:19,280
galaxies like the milky way

2409
01:39:23,270 --> 01:39:21,600
so we can see the early seeds of those

2410
01:39:24,870 --> 01:39:23,280
variations and

2411
01:39:26,629 --> 01:39:24,880
we see it in the cosmic microwave

2412
01:39:29,669 --> 01:39:26,639
background

2413
01:39:33,270 --> 01:39:29,679
image and we see

2414
01:39:34,790 --> 01:39:33,280
light that was generated 400 000 years

2415
01:39:36,629 --> 01:39:34,800
after the big bang and we see everything

2416
01:39:39,109 --> 01:39:36,639
in between

2417
01:39:39,669 --> 01:39:39,119
so that's the observable region of the

2418
01:39:42,709 --> 01:39:39,679
universe

2419
01:39:45,590 --> 01:39:42,719
now stars continue to be

2420
01:39:46,950 --> 01:39:45,600
created star systems continue to be

2421
01:39:49,430 --> 01:39:46,960
created

2422
01:39:51,030 --> 01:39:49,440
we can observe that we can see the the

2423
01:39:53,910 --> 01:39:51,040
rings of dust around

2424
01:39:55,030 --> 01:39:53,920
new stars and the formations does that

2425
01:39:58,390 --> 01:39:55,040
indicate

2426
01:40:00,870 --> 01:39:58,400
this is a very fundamental question

2427
01:40:01,430 --> 01:40:00,880
does that mean that galaxies are still

2428
01:40:07,830 --> 01:40:01,440
in

2429
01:40:10,470 --> 01:40:07,840
the process started about

2430
01:40:13,030 --> 01:40:10,480
50 million years after the big bang

2431
01:40:15,830 --> 01:40:13,040
that's when the very first stars

2432
01:40:20,229 --> 01:40:15,840
started to form and about somewhere

2433
01:40:23,590 --> 01:40:22,629
000 years after the big bang the very

2434
01:40:27,109 --> 01:40:23,600
first stars

2435
01:40:31,510 --> 01:40:27,119
formed um and the then

2436
01:40:31,990 --> 01:40:31,520
uh the the bigger and bigger galaxies

2437
01:40:35,189 --> 01:40:32,000
formed

2438
01:40:35,510 --> 01:40:35,199
afterwards and then they merged to to

2439
01:40:37,590 --> 01:40:35,520
make

2440
01:40:39,270 --> 01:40:37,600
eventually galaxies as big as the milky

2441
01:40:43,030 --> 01:40:39,280
way or even bigger

2442
01:40:43,990 --> 01:40:43,040
um we can we haven't yet seen the very

2443
01:40:46,790 --> 01:40:44,000
first

2444
01:40:48,470 --> 01:40:46,800
uh galaxies that formed in the universe

2445
01:40:52,229 --> 01:40:48,480
we can see back to

2446
01:40:54,950 --> 01:40:52,239
about a billion

2447
01:40:56,870 --> 01:40:54,960
years after the big bang or maybe 500

2448
01:40:59,750 --> 01:40:56,880
million years after the big bang

2449
01:41:00,790 --> 01:40:59,760
but we can't really see all the way back

2450
01:41:03,750 --> 01:41:00,800
to when the first

2451
01:41:03,990 --> 01:41:03,760
galaxies formed by the way if you go

2452
01:41:06,629 --> 01:41:04,000
back

2453
01:41:08,870 --> 01:41:06,639
in time one interesting point is that 15

2454
01:41:11,590 --> 01:41:08,880
million years after the big bang

2455
01:41:12,310 --> 01:41:11,600
uh is when the entire universe was

2456
01:41:15,830 --> 01:41:12,320
roughly

2457
01:41:17,590 --> 01:41:15,840
room temperature uh and so

2458
01:41:20,149 --> 01:41:17,600
that's an interesting time you didn't

2459
01:41:22,070 --> 01:41:20,159
need to be close to a star

2460
01:41:23,510 --> 01:41:22,080
like the sun in order to keep yourself

2461
01:41:25,590 --> 01:41:23,520
warm if you lived

2462
01:41:28,550 --> 01:41:25,600
15 million years after the big bang the

2463
01:41:31,350 --> 01:41:28,560
entire universe was room temperature

2464
01:41:32,310 --> 01:41:31,360
it wasn't minus 400 or whatever it is

2465
01:41:37,270 --> 01:41:32,320
today

2466
01:41:37,990 --> 01:41:37,280
about 2.7 degrees above the absolute

2467
01:41:40,790 --> 01:41:38,000
zero

2468
01:41:41,830 --> 01:41:40,800
back then it was a hundred times bigger

2469
01:41:43,750 --> 01:41:41,840
and then

2470
01:41:46,070 --> 01:41:43,760
it's it was roughly room temperature and

2471
01:41:48,149 --> 01:41:46,080
that lasted for a few million years

2472
01:41:50,070 --> 01:41:48,159
but there were no planets back then as i

2473
01:41:52,950 --> 01:41:50,080
said the first stars

2474
01:41:54,790 --> 01:41:52,960
formed about 70 million years after the

2475
01:41:55,189 --> 01:41:54,800
big bang about 50 million years after

2476
01:41:58,790 --> 01:41:55,199
those

2477
01:42:01,350 --> 01:41:58,800
that time that i mentioned and so

2478
01:42:02,310 --> 01:42:01,360
after that life could have started then

2479
01:42:05,270 --> 01:42:02,320
galaxies

2480
01:42:05,669 --> 01:42:05,280
started building up and then ended up

2481
01:42:07,990 --> 01:42:05,679
and

2482
01:42:09,430 --> 01:42:08,000
the process is not finished uh so

2483
01:42:12,629 --> 01:42:09,440
nowadays you still

2484
01:42:13,830 --> 01:42:12,639
see stars forming and galaxies is being

2485
01:42:15,830 --> 01:42:13,840
made

2486
01:42:17,430 --> 01:42:15,840
most of the stars formed billions of

2487
01:42:20,310 --> 01:42:17,440
years before the sun

2488
01:42:21,350 --> 01:42:20,320
so the sun is a relative latecomer and

2489
01:42:23,669 --> 01:42:21,360
that means that

2490
01:42:25,830 --> 01:42:23,679
you know if other stars had the

2491
01:42:29,270 --> 01:42:25,840
civilizations like ours

2492
01:42:31,189 --> 01:42:29,280
they predated us by billions of years it

2493
01:42:32,070 --> 01:42:31,199
has to be the math that says that the

2494
01:42:35,270 --> 01:42:32,080
base you know

2495
01:42:37,750 --> 01:42:35,280
13.8 billion our sun is 5 billion years

2496
01:42:38,550 --> 01:42:37,760
well there you go it doesn't take much

2497
01:42:42,229 --> 01:42:38,560
to

2498
01:42:45,910 --> 01:42:42,239
years of

2499
01:42:50,229 --> 01:42:45,920
creation before we came along exactly

2500
01:42:53,910 --> 01:42:50,239
and and that means that we are really

2501
01:42:55,990 --> 01:42:53,920
not likely to be the first

2502
01:42:58,149 --> 01:42:56,000
form of technological life in the

2503
01:43:00,470 --> 01:42:58,159
universe that

2504
01:43:01,270 --> 01:43:00,480
in fact there may be a lot of debris

2505
01:43:04,629 --> 01:43:01,280
around us

2506
01:43:07,830 --> 01:43:04,639
in space that indicates much older

2507
01:43:10,470 --> 01:43:07,840
civilizations than we are now uh

2508
01:43:14,470 --> 01:43:10,480
before we get to the break this is one

2509
01:43:17,669 --> 01:43:14,480
of my favorite things to contemplate avi

2510
01:43:21,270 --> 01:43:17,679
the edge of the universe

2511
01:43:24,149 --> 01:43:21,280
there are galaxies

2512
01:43:25,270 --> 01:43:24,159
an infinite amount that are dropping off

2513
01:43:28,310 --> 01:43:25,280
the edge of the cliff

2514
01:43:30,470 --> 01:43:28,320
every single day that will never be seen

2515
01:43:33,430 --> 01:43:30,480
will never be discovered will never be

2516
01:43:36,709 --> 01:43:33,440
known that's a heavy thought

2517
01:43:37,990 --> 01:43:36,719
yeah well i should say that's the result

2518
01:43:40,950 --> 01:43:38,000
of the fact that the universe

2519
01:43:42,950 --> 01:43:40,960
is not just expanding but its expansion

2520
01:43:44,790 --> 01:43:42,960
is accelerating in time

2521
01:43:45,990 --> 01:43:44,800
and that means that when you look at the

2522
01:43:48,229 --> 01:43:46,000
galaxy it's

2523
01:43:49,030 --> 01:43:48,239
receding away from us at some speed

2524
01:43:51,270 --> 01:43:49,040
today

2525
01:43:52,310 --> 01:43:51,280
but in the future the speed will get

2526
01:43:54,229 --> 01:43:52,320
bigger and bigger

2527
01:43:55,669 --> 01:43:54,239
and eventually will exceed the speed of

2528
01:43:57,669 --> 01:43:55,679
light so

2529
01:43:59,750 --> 01:43:57,679
that galaxy will not be visible to us

2530
01:44:02,310 --> 01:43:59,760
the light that is emitted from it

2531
01:44:03,510 --> 01:44:02,320
beyond a certain point in time will not

2532
01:44:05,910 --> 01:44:03,520
be able to bridge

2533
01:44:07,109 --> 01:44:05,920
the gap that is being opened between the

2534
01:44:10,070 --> 01:44:07,119
galaxy and us

2535
01:44:11,590 --> 01:44:10,080
so that is because of the accelerated

2536
01:44:12,870 --> 01:44:11,600
expansion of the universe that was

2537
01:44:16,390 --> 01:44:12,880
discovered

2538
01:44:19,270 --> 01:44:16,400
uh about a couple of decades ago

2539
01:44:20,870 --> 01:44:19,280
and then if not for that then we would

2540
01:44:24,390 --> 01:44:20,880
be able to continue to

2541
01:44:25,910 --> 01:44:24,400
to see what happens for every galaxy

2542
01:44:27,990 --> 01:44:25,920
that we see right now but

2543
01:44:29,270 --> 01:44:28,000
but because of the accelerated expansion

2544
01:44:32,550 --> 01:44:29,280
we will be eventually

2545
01:44:35,030 --> 01:44:32,560
left in the dark and the the future of

2546
01:44:37,669 --> 01:44:35,040
astronomy is very gloomy you know we

2547
01:44:38,790 --> 01:44:37,679
so i call it social distancing on a

2548
01:44:41,510 --> 01:44:38,800
cosmic scale

2549
01:44:43,189 --> 01:44:41,520
you know right and i don't feel bad

2550
01:44:45,189 --> 01:44:43,199
about it you know that we will be

2551
01:44:46,870 --> 01:44:45,199
surrounded in darkness and vacuum i

2552
01:44:50,070 --> 01:44:46,880
don't feel bad because

2553
01:44:52,709 --> 01:44:50,080
i'm a loner you know i i enjoy being

2554
01:44:54,149 --> 01:44:52,719
not you know i i prefer to have a lot of

2555
01:44:57,590 --> 01:44:54,159
space available to me

2556
01:45:01,669 --> 01:44:57,600
now how much how much

2557
01:45:04,310 --> 01:45:01,679
has left right if we if

2558
01:45:05,030 --> 01:45:04,320
we're sitting at say a trillion galaxies

2559
01:45:08,149 --> 01:45:05,040
right now

2560
01:45:11,669 --> 01:45:08,159
in the universe is there another

2561
01:45:14,070 --> 01:45:11,679
five trillion galaxies that

2562
01:45:16,070 --> 01:45:14,080
have have left at the speed of light

2563
01:45:17,590 --> 01:45:16,080
that will never be seen again

2564
01:45:19,430 --> 01:45:17,600
you know what i mean what's the number

2565
01:45:21,350 --> 01:45:19,440
right yeah so so what

2566
01:45:23,109 --> 01:45:21,360
what is important to keep in mind is

2567
01:45:26,870 --> 01:45:23,119
once the universe ages

2568
01:45:27,669 --> 01:45:26,880
by about a factor of 10 once it becomes

2569
01:45:31,669 --> 01:45:27,679
10 times

2570
01:45:34,229 --> 01:45:31,679
older than it is right now at that point

2571
01:45:34,709 --> 01:45:34,239
the only galaxy that we would see is

2572
01:45:38,070 --> 01:45:34,719
that this

2573
01:45:40,629 --> 01:45:38,080
region is ours yes it's crazy

2574
01:45:43,109 --> 01:45:40,639
now okay okay okay okay pump the brakes

2575
01:45:46,550 --> 01:45:43,119
right there

2576
01:45:47,830 --> 01:45:46,560
if that is the case and we are

2577
01:45:49,990 --> 01:45:47,840
you know there's going to be no

2578
01:45:51,350 --> 01:45:50,000
andromeda all of the you know the 50

2579
01:45:52,550 --> 01:45:51,360
galaxies that are in our little

2580
01:45:55,430 --> 01:45:52,560
neighborhood right now

2581
01:45:56,870 --> 01:45:55,440
all expanded and gone no no these these

2582
01:45:59,669 --> 01:45:56,880
will be the only ones that will

2583
01:46:01,350 --> 01:45:59,679
merge once near us like andromeda will

2584
01:46:02,470 --> 01:46:01,360
merge with the milky way because it's on

2585
01:46:04,470 --> 01:46:02,480
a collision course

2586
01:46:06,390 --> 01:46:04,480
right it's not expanding relative to us

2587
01:46:07,430 --> 01:46:06,400
but everything beyond our immediate

2588
01:46:10,390 --> 01:46:07,440
neighborhood beyond

2589
01:46:11,590 --> 01:46:10,400
andromeda and the milky way gone all of

2590
01:46:15,990 --> 01:46:11,600
that will be gone

2591
01:46:19,109 --> 01:46:16,000
now will the forces of gravity

2592
01:46:20,790 --> 01:46:19,119
uh with expansion and and and

2593
01:46:23,270 --> 01:46:20,800
and dark energy whatever you want to

2594
01:46:27,189 --> 01:46:23,280
call it will they start to

2595
01:46:31,030 --> 01:46:27,199
fight each other where our galaxy itself

2596
01:46:34,950 --> 01:46:31,040
that gravity will will be overtaken

2597
01:46:37,270 --> 01:46:34,960
and our galaxy rips apart no

2598
01:46:38,229 --> 01:46:37,280
the way we think about i mean the

2599
01:46:40,790 --> 01:46:38,239
simplest

2600
01:46:41,990 --> 01:46:40,800
version of dark energy is simply that

2601
01:46:45,430 --> 01:46:42,000
the vacuum has

2602
01:46:47,590 --> 01:46:45,440
some mass density some energy density to

2603
01:46:49,430 --> 01:46:47,600
it which is not changing in time it's

2604
01:46:52,149 --> 01:46:49,440
constant it's a constant of nature

2605
01:46:54,470 --> 01:46:52,159
you know and the vacuum if that is the

2606
01:46:57,350 --> 01:46:54,480
case if it will maintain its

2607
01:46:57,910 --> 01:46:57,360
energy density it's a constant and the

2608
01:47:00,310 --> 01:46:57,920
rest of

2609
01:47:01,669 --> 01:47:00,320
matter is being diluted as the universe

2610
01:47:03,910 --> 01:47:01,679
expands

2611
01:47:05,189 --> 01:47:03,920
and therefore you know the vacuum

2612
01:47:08,149 --> 01:47:05,199
continues to dominate

2613
01:47:08,629 --> 01:47:08,159
indefinitely if that's the case but as

2614
01:47:11,270 --> 01:47:08,639
long as

2615
01:47:12,870 --> 01:47:11,280
you have an object that is much denser

2616
01:47:14,550 --> 01:47:12,880
than the vacuum in terms of how much

2617
01:47:16,950 --> 01:47:14,560
mass it has period volume

2618
01:47:18,229 --> 01:47:16,960
like the milky way you know is much

2619
01:47:19,830 --> 01:47:18,239
denser than the back

2620
01:47:21,669 --> 01:47:19,840
it doesn't really care about the vacuum

2621
01:47:23,590 --> 01:47:21,679
because the vacuum provides a very small

2622
01:47:24,470 --> 01:47:23,600
contribution to the mass budget of this

2623
01:47:26,550 --> 01:47:24,480
object

2624
01:47:27,990 --> 01:47:26,560
so for us the vacuum doesn't matter much

2625
01:47:31,030 --> 01:47:28,000
for the milky way

2626
01:47:32,870 --> 01:47:31,040
it follows its own dynamics just like

2627
01:47:34,709 --> 01:47:32,880
an atom you know that you have for

2628
01:47:37,030 --> 01:47:34,719
example a hydrogen atom the

2629
01:47:38,070 --> 01:47:37,040
electron is bound very tightly to the

2630
01:47:39,510 --> 01:47:38,080
proton

2631
01:47:41,430 --> 01:47:39,520
it doesn't care about the fact that the

2632
01:47:42,870 --> 01:47:41,440
universe at large is expanding because

2633
01:47:44,550 --> 01:47:42,880
there is a force

2634
01:47:46,070 --> 01:47:44,560
that binds the electron to the proton

2635
01:47:49,270 --> 01:47:46,080
that is much stronger

2636
01:47:50,470 --> 01:47:49,280
than the cosmic force so so any system

2637
01:47:54,470 --> 01:47:50,480
that is

2638
01:47:57,350 --> 01:47:54,480
uh very tightly bound doesn't care about

2639
01:47:57,830 --> 01:47:57,360
the cosmic expansion and the our galaxy

2640
01:48:07,270 --> 01:47:57,840
will

2641
01:48:10,310 --> 01:48:07,280
so i can be comforted knowing that

2642
01:48:14,149 --> 01:48:10,320
the force that binds an

2643
01:48:17,270 --> 01:48:14,159
atom my body right my body

2644
01:48:20,629 --> 01:48:17,280
is not going to be rip ripped apart

2645
01:48:22,950 --> 01:48:20,639
eventually exactly and what i said is in

2646
01:48:25,189 --> 01:48:22,960
the context of the model that

2647
01:48:25,990 --> 01:48:25,199
we believe describes the universe very

2648
01:48:29,350 --> 01:48:26,000
accurately

2649
01:48:30,870 --> 01:48:29,360
where the vacuum maintains a constant

2650
01:48:32,950 --> 01:48:30,880
value and that is called the

2651
01:48:36,709 --> 01:48:32,960
cosmological constant

2652
01:48:38,870 --> 01:48:36,719
there are some uh speculations maybe the

2653
01:48:40,790 --> 01:48:38,880
vacuum energy will go up

2654
01:48:43,430 --> 01:48:40,800
and then everything will be ripped apart

2655
01:48:45,669 --> 01:48:43,440
and that would lead to some big rip

2656
01:48:47,030 --> 01:48:45,679
but this is a complete speculation you

2657
01:48:49,270 --> 01:48:47,040
know the most

2658
01:48:51,910 --> 01:48:49,280
uh i mean the model that agrees with all

2659
01:48:54,709 --> 01:48:51,920
the data that we have is that the vacuum

2660
01:48:57,189 --> 01:48:54,719
stays the same now we were talking uh

2661
01:48:59,669 --> 01:48:57,199
right before the show about the big rip

2662
01:49:01,669 --> 01:48:59,679
um and this is a good place to take a

2663
01:49:03,590 --> 01:49:01,679
break because when we come back

2664
01:49:06,550 --> 01:49:03,600
i want to follow up on that we can't let

2665
01:49:08,070 --> 01:49:06,560
this go we can't let the big rib go avi

2666
01:49:09,590 --> 01:49:08,080
i'm your host jimmy church our guest

2667
01:49:12,390 --> 01:49:09,600
tonight professor

2668
01:49:15,030 --> 01:49:12,400
javi loeb from harvard did i say how

2669
01:49:15,589 --> 01:49:15,040
harvard's professor avila by mural jimmy

2670
01:49:17,510 --> 01:49:15,599
church

2671
01:49:28,629 --> 01:49:17,520
this is fade to black more with avi

2672
01:49:29,990 --> 01:49:28,639
after this short break stay with us

2673
01:49:36,229 --> 01:49:30,000
hi everybody this is rob halpert the

2674
01:49:39,750 --> 01:49:38,709
this is kgra digital broadcasting

2675
01:49:43,430 --> 01:49:39,760
station

2676
01:49:45,270 --> 01:49:43,440
salt lake city utah van buren arkansas

2677
01:49:47,270 --> 01:49:45,280
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2678
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health regiment until it's too late

2679
01:49:50,950 --> 01:49:49,119
we don't put oil in the car until the

2680
01:49:51,750 --> 01:49:50,960
engine blows up when the body's out of

2681
01:49:53,830 --> 01:49:51,760
balance

2682
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your health is not so good give your

2683
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body some love

2684
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2688
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2689
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2690
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2691
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2692
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2696
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2697
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2698
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2699
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2700
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2711
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2712
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2718
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2720
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2721
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2722
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ooh yuck they're unhealthy gross and

2723
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2724
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2725
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keep a clean home but occasionally bugs

2726
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show up

2727
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well i found something that is tougher

2728
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2729
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2730
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2735
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2736
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2737
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2738
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2739
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2740
01:52:13,750 --> 01:52:12,280
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2741
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2742
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2743
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2744
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disarray

2745
01:52:24,870 --> 01:52:23,679
history shows us what gold does when

2746
01:52:26,390 --> 01:52:24,880
people aren't sure

2747
01:52:28,070 --> 01:52:26,400
aren't sure about the government the

2748
01:52:30,870 --> 01:52:28,080
stock market their jobs

2749
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or their retirement savings our national

2750
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debt is

2751
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skyrocketing gold and other precious

2752
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metals are a defense measure against

2753
01:52:38,790 --> 01:52:36,159
inflation

2754
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and a stock market that might take years

2755
01:52:42,790 --> 01:52:40,639
to recover so what can you do

2756
01:52:44,870 --> 01:52:42,800
right now to protect yourself call

2757
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2758
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2759
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2760
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2761
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2762
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2763
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2764
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2765
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2766
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2767
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2768
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2769
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2770
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2771
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2772
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2773
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i couldn't stay sane without pawn needs

2774
01:53:40,390 --> 01:53:37,199
to brush

2775
01:53:41,350 --> 01:53:40,400
why fade to black because you never got

2776
01:53:45,750 --> 01:53:41,360
that pony

2777
01:53:50,229 --> 01:53:47,910
this is fade to black with jimmy church

2778
01:54:07,750 --> 01:53:50,239
on the game changer radio network

2779
01:54:11,430 --> 01:54:09,189
all right welcome back fade to black i'm

2780
01:54:13,990 --> 01:54:11,440
your host jimmy church tonight professor

2781
01:54:15,830 --> 01:54:14,000
javi loeb from harvard taking me to

2782
01:54:17,030 --> 01:54:15,840
school i'm letting everybody know pop

2783
01:54:20,310 --> 01:54:17,040
quiz tonight

2784
01:54:24,229 --> 01:54:20,320
pop quiz now uh professor lowe

2785
01:54:27,270 --> 01:54:24,239
we just started to jump into the big rip

2786
01:54:29,030 --> 01:54:27,280
when we look at the scales of time

2787
01:54:31,350 --> 01:54:29,040
and these the numbers of time that we

2788
01:54:34,390 --> 01:54:31,360
were talking about are it's a big

2789
01:54:34,870 --> 01:54:34,400
it's a really big number of time but the

2790
01:54:38,709 --> 01:54:34,880
big

2791
01:54:41,510 --> 01:54:38,719
rip conversation is actually

2792
01:54:42,950 --> 01:54:41,520
a shorter amount of time where this

2793
01:54:45,109 --> 01:54:42,960
could happen

2794
01:54:46,390 --> 01:54:45,119
in well in the cosmic scale like

2795
01:54:48,709 --> 01:54:46,400
tomorrow

2796
01:54:49,750 --> 01:54:48,719
this is this is something much more

2797
01:54:51,430 --> 01:54:49,760
immediate

2798
01:54:53,990 --> 01:54:51,440
and that the big rip and everything

2799
01:54:56,470 --> 01:54:54,000
could uh fall apart we're talking about

2800
01:54:58,550 --> 01:54:56,480
in in 100 billion years 50 billion years

2801
01:55:00,550 --> 01:54:58,560
has been suggested

2802
01:55:01,990 --> 01:55:00,560
yeah but that's i should say that's a

2803
01:55:05,109 --> 01:55:02,000
speculation that

2804
01:55:07,990 --> 01:55:05,119
maybe the vacuum itself will blow up and

2805
01:55:09,109 --> 01:55:08,000
rip everything apart and uh i don't

2806
01:55:11,189 --> 01:55:09,119
think we should lose

2807
01:55:13,750 --> 01:55:11,199
sleep over that because there is no

2808
01:55:15,910 --> 01:55:13,760
evidence that this is indeed

2809
01:55:17,430 --> 01:55:15,920
a viable possibility i mean the most

2810
01:55:20,870 --> 01:55:17,440
likely possibility that

2811
01:55:21,589 --> 01:55:20,880
everyone thinks about is that the vacuum

2812
01:55:24,629 --> 01:55:21,599
has some

2813
01:55:27,510 --> 01:55:24,639
fixed energy or

2814
01:55:29,189 --> 01:55:27,520
mass per unit volume and it's just a

2815
01:55:31,109 --> 01:55:29,199
constant of nature you know just like

2816
01:55:33,109 --> 01:55:31,119
the mass of the electron there is

2817
01:55:35,109 --> 01:55:33,119
a constant that is the vacuum mass

2818
01:55:38,229 --> 01:55:35,119
density and in that case

2819
01:55:39,750 --> 01:55:38,239
no big grip we will continue uh

2820
01:55:41,510 --> 01:55:39,760
i mean the universe will continue to

2821
01:55:43,750 --> 01:55:41,520
expand we will be left

2822
01:55:45,910 --> 01:55:43,760
in the dark because there will be

2823
01:55:47,270 --> 01:55:45,920
nothing around us except for our own

2824
01:55:49,430 --> 01:55:47,280
galaxy

2825
01:55:52,709 --> 01:55:49,440
and if you want to get ripped apart you

2826
01:55:56,629 --> 01:55:52,719
can still do it by entering a black hole

2827
01:56:00,790 --> 01:55:56,639
now um okay

2828
01:56:03,910 --> 01:56:00,800
this is where i want to take things if

2829
01:56:05,430 --> 01:56:03,920
we have about 10 billion years from

2830
01:56:09,030 --> 01:56:05,440
beginning to end with our

2831
01:56:12,470 --> 01:56:09,040
son and we're 5 billion years

2832
01:56:15,589 --> 01:56:12,480
into it and if we have theoretically 5

2833
01:56:17,589 --> 01:56:15,599
billion years left at the end of five

2834
01:56:20,470 --> 01:56:17,599
billion years no matter what

2835
01:56:21,990 --> 01:56:20,480
we can't be here right that's it we we

2836
01:56:24,070 --> 01:56:22,000
can't be on planet earth but if

2837
01:56:26,709 --> 01:56:24,080
it's actually sheltered that's where i'm

2838
01:56:30,350 --> 01:56:26,719
going but that's the extreme right

2839
01:56:33,270 --> 01:56:30,360
but it's actually shorter the the

2840
01:56:36,070 --> 01:56:33,280
instability of things that are

2841
01:56:36,790 --> 01:56:36,080
going to start to happen with the core

2842
01:56:38,870 --> 01:56:36,800
at our

2843
01:56:39,990 --> 01:56:38,880
at the center of our sun that

2844
01:56:42,390 --> 01:56:40,000
instability

2845
01:56:43,430 --> 01:56:42,400
is going to make things really bad here

2846
01:56:46,550 --> 01:56:43,440
on earth

2847
01:56:49,669 --> 01:56:46,560
way before that five billion years is up

2848
01:56:53,270 --> 01:56:49,679
right there are some calculations that

2849
01:56:57,270 --> 01:56:53,280
the sun will start expanding long before

2850
01:56:59,109 --> 01:56:57,280
it will die and within a billion years

2851
01:57:01,990 --> 01:56:59,119
just one billion years

2852
01:57:02,790 --> 01:57:02,000
it will boil off the oceans on earth

2853
01:57:05,990 --> 01:57:02,800
because of

2854
01:57:06,709 --> 01:57:06,000
a greenhouse effect and just like what

2855
01:57:11,030 --> 01:57:06,719
happened on

2856
01:57:14,390 --> 01:57:11,040
on venus you know we know that currently

2857
01:57:16,390 --> 01:57:14,400
the ground on venus is too hot for

2858
01:57:18,870 --> 01:57:16,400
liquid water to be there

2859
01:57:19,669 --> 01:57:18,880
and it went through a greenhouse effect

2860
01:57:23,589 --> 01:57:19,679
and

2861
01:57:26,629 --> 01:57:23,599
earth we would lose

2862
01:57:28,629 --> 01:57:26,639
all the liquid water on the surface and

2863
01:57:29,669 --> 01:57:28,639
then life as we know it would not be

2864
01:57:32,070 --> 01:57:29,679
able to

2865
01:57:32,950 --> 01:57:32,080
continue and we will have to go

2866
01:57:35,030 --> 01:57:32,960
elsewhere

2867
01:57:36,070 --> 01:57:35,040
but of course it could happen even

2868
01:57:39,510 --> 01:57:36,080
earlier if

2869
01:57:40,149 --> 01:57:39,520
a big asteroid a big rock will hit the

2870
01:57:42,709 --> 01:57:40,159
earth

2871
01:57:43,750 --> 01:57:42,719
just like it happened 66 million years

2872
01:57:46,070 --> 01:57:43,760
ago when

2873
01:57:47,750 --> 01:57:46,080
the dinosaurs were very happy they were

2874
01:57:49,430 --> 01:57:47,760
proud of themselves and

2875
01:57:51,350 --> 01:57:49,440
they were dominating their their

2876
01:57:53,669 --> 01:57:51,360
environment they ate grass and

2877
01:57:56,229 --> 01:57:53,679
didn't even check the sky and then a

2878
01:57:58,790 --> 01:57:56,239
giant rock the size of manhattan island

2879
01:58:01,270 --> 01:57:58,800
showed up and when it hit the ground

2880
01:58:03,990 --> 01:58:01,280
their ego trip was tarnished

2881
01:58:05,589 --> 01:58:04,000
abruptly and uh three quarters of all

2882
01:58:08,790 --> 01:58:05,599
life forms on earth

2883
01:58:11,109 --> 01:58:08,800
were went extinct and

2884
01:58:12,870 --> 01:58:11,119
we came to exist after that but it could

2885
01:58:15,270 --> 01:58:12,880
happen again in the future and

2886
01:58:17,270 --> 01:58:15,280
there are other risks you know that

2887
01:58:17,910 --> 01:58:17,280
there could be self-inflicted wounds

2888
01:58:22,070 --> 01:58:17,920
that we

2889
01:58:24,950 --> 01:58:22,080
in a way that

2890
01:58:25,910 --> 01:58:24,960
will kill us and therefore my point is

2891
01:58:28,950 --> 01:58:25,920
simple we

2892
01:58:31,270 --> 01:58:28,960
we really need not to keep all our eggs

2893
01:58:33,589 --> 01:58:31,280
in one basket we need to distribute

2894
01:58:34,709 --> 01:58:33,599
everything we care about to other

2895
01:58:36,709 --> 01:58:34,719
locations so that

2896
01:58:38,310 --> 01:58:36,719
a single point catastrophe would not

2897
01:58:40,229 --> 01:58:38,320
destroy everything

2898
01:58:41,669 --> 01:58:40,239
and the way to do that is by going to

2899
01:58:45,350 --> 01:58:41,679
space

2900
01:58:50,870 --> 01:58:48,149
be comforted in knowing that that is our

2901
01:58:53,830 --> 01:58:50,880
future we don't have a choice

2902
01:58:54,790 --> 01:58:53,840
that we should start to think about this

2903
01:58:59,589 --> 01:58:54,800
now

2904
01:59:02,950 --> 01:58:59,599
the discussion

2905
01:59:05,270 --> 01:59:02,960
that we need to have now not later

2906
01:59:06,870 --> 01:59:05,280
definitely i do think because we don't

2907
01:59:08,870 --> 01:59:06,880
know how much longer

2908
01:59:11,030 --> 01:59:08,880
our technological civilization would

2909
01:59:14,950 --> 01:59:11,040
last i was asked that

2910
01:59:17,350 --> 01:59:14,960
at a forum of harvard alumni

2911
01:59:19,189 --> 01:59:17,360
a few weeks ago they asked me how much

2912
01:59:21,109 --> 01:59:19,199
longer do i think that our

2913
01:59:22,550 --> 01:59:21,119
technological civilization would last

2914
01:59:25,750 --> 01:59:22,560
and i said you know

2915
01:59:26,870 --> 01:59:25,760
uh if you look at yourself as a human uh

2916
01:59:28,709 --> 01:59:26,880
you can ask

2917
01:59:31,350 --> 01:59:28,719
what's the likelihood that you're on

2918
01:59:34,229 --> 01:59:31,360
your first day after being born

2919
01:59:35,589 --> 01:59:34,239
and the likelihood for that is uh tens

2920
01:59:38,070 --> 01:59:35,599
of thousands of times

2921
01:59:39,189 --> 01:59:38,080
smaller than finding yourself as an

2922
01:59:40,950 --> 01:59:39,199
adult

2923
01:59:42,950 --> 01:59:40,960
the reason is simple there are tens of

2924
01:59:43,830 --> 01:59:42,960
thousands of days in the life of an

2925
01:59:46,550 --> 01:59:43,840
adult

2926
01:59:47,030 --> 01:59:46,560
compared to the first day after being

2927
01:59:49,350 --> 01:59:47,040
born

2928
01:59:51,189 --> 01:59:49,360
you know so so that if you just choose a

2929
01:59:53,189 --> 01:59:51,199
random day

2930
01:59:54,310 --> 01:59:53,199
you are most likely to find yourself as

2931
01:59:58,390 --> 01:59:54,320
an adult

2932
01:59:59,830 --> 01:59:58,400
now um we find ourselves today a hundred

2933
02:00:02,229 --> 01:59:59,840
years after the

2934
02:00:05,270 --> 02:00:02,239
technological revolution you know so our

2935
02:00:08,229 --> 02:00:05,280
technologies existed for about a century

2936
02:00:09,030 --> 02:00:08,239
and you can ask well it's most likely

2937
02:00:11,589 --> 02:00:09,040
that

2938
02:00:13,030 --> 02:00:11,599
you know we are in our adulthood as a

2939
02:00:15,430 --> 02:00:13,040
technological civilization

2940
02:00:16,870 --> 02:00:15,440
what does that mean uh that means that

2941
02:00:19,750 --> 02:00:16,880
we maybe have

2942
02:00:20,950 --> 02:00:19,760
a few centuries left it's very unlikely

2943
02:00:23,189 --> 02:00:20,960
that we will

2944
02:00:25,350 --> 02:00:23,199
survive for millions of years because

2945
02:00:29,189 --> 02:00:25,360
that's tens of thousands of times

2946
02:00:31,270 --> 02:00:29,199
longer than our our lifetime as a

2947
02:00:33,030 --> 02:00:31,280
technological civilization so

2948
02:00:34,390 --> 02:00:33,040
for the same reason that it's unlikely

2949
02:00:37,430 --> 02:00:34,400
to find yourself as an

2950
02:00:38,470 --> 02:00:37,440
infant uh it's also unlikely for us to

2951
02:00:41,109 --> 02:00:38,480
be

2952
02:00:41,669 --> 02:00:41,119
uh to live for millions of years from

2953
02:00:43,350 --> 02:00:41,679
now and

2954
02:00:44,709 --> 02:00:43,360
if that's the case we don't have a lot

2955
02:00:47,189 --> 02:00:44,719
of time you know we

2956
02:00:49,189 --> 02:00:47,199
uh and i believe in the human spirit i

2957
02:00:52,070 --> 02:00:49,199
believe that we can

2958
02:00:52,629 --> 02:00:52,080
outlast any statistical verdict that we

2959
02:00:58,709 --> 02:00:52,639
can be

2960
02:00:59,510 --> 02:00:58,719
wing of the distribution statistically

2961
02:01:02,709 --> 02:00:59,520
and

2962
02:01:05,270 --> 02:01:02,719
we can uh save ourselves uh by

2963
02:01:05,990 --> 02:01:05,280
the human spirit and go elsewhere you

2964
02:01:09,189 --> 02:01:06,000
know and

2965
02:01:09,589 --> 02:01:09,199
um and we should start thinking about it

2966
02:01:12,629 --> 02:01:09,599
now

2967
02:01:13,990 --> 02:01:12,639
and i think space is an inspiration to

2968
02:01:16,310 --> 02:01:14,000
many people but

2969
02:01:18,390 --> 02:01:16,320
uh other people argue that we should

2970
02:01:19,910 --> 02:01:18,400
worry all the time about what happens

2971
02:01:22,629 --> 02:01:19,920
here on earth

2972
02:01:23,189 --> 02:01:22,639
and then i i'm always reminded by what

2973
02:01:25,990 --> 02:01:23,199
oscar

2974
02:01:26,709 --> 02:01:26,000
wilde said he said all of us are in the

2975
02:01:29,430 --> 02:01:26,719
gutter

2976
02:01:30,629 --> 02:01:29,440
but some of us are thinking about this

2977
02:01:34,229 --> 02:01:30,639
the stars

2978
02:01:35,990 --> 02:01:34,239
now if we are able to

2979
02:01:37,270 --> 02:01:36,000
like you said in the last hundred years

2980
02:01:41,109 --> 02:01:37,280
right in this

2981
02:01:44,149 --> 02:01:41,119
now we're in the technical side science

2982
02:01:46,390 --> 02:01:44,159
we can say 300 400 years old

2983
02:01:48,070 --> 02:01:46,400
technology that's a hundred years old

2984
02:01:51,910 --> 02:01:48,080
that's it

2985
02:01:53,669 --> 02:01:51,920
et any etc any extraterrestrial

2986
02:01:56,390 --> 02:01:53,679
civilization out there

2987
02:01:58,550 --> 02:01:56,400
has to have gone through what we are

2988
02:02:02,390 --> 02:01:58,560
going through now

2989
02:02:05,910 --> 02:02:02,400
and they have probably left their planet

2990
02:02:08,310 --> 02:02:05,920
because they have a star that became

2991
02:02:10,470 --> 02:02:08,320
unstable as well right i mean there

2992
02:02:13,910 --> 02:02:10,480
isn't it's a numbers game

2993
02:02:18,790 --> 02:02:13,920
right now the question is whether

2994
02:02:21,910 --> 02:02:18,800
living creatures uh are indeed the

2995
02:02:24,550 --> 02:02:21,920
are able to survive very long or maybe

2996
02:02:27,510 --> 02:02:24,560
they create equipment that outlasts

2997
02:02:28,950 --> 02:02:27,520
them and that would mean you know most

2998
02:02:32,470 --> 02:02:28,960
likely we will find the

2999
02:02:34,870 --> 02:02:32,480
equipment in space that

3000
02:02:36,870 --> 02:02:34,880
represents the relics from those living

3001
02:02:39,189 --> 02:02:36,880
creatures that existed a long time ago

3002
02:02:40,709 --> 02:02:39,199
just like we sent voyager 1 voyager 2

3003
02:02:42,229 --> 02:02:40,719
new horizons into space

3004
02:02:43,750 --> 02:02:42,239
you know we would find equipment out

3005
02:02:47,430 --> 02:02:43,760
there uh and

3006
02:02:49,510 --> 02:02:47,440
actually if you think about it equipment

3007
02:02:51,430 --> 02:02:49,520
is much more likely to survive the long

3008
02:02:54,870 --> 02:02:51,440
journeys between stars

3009
02:02:56,870 --> 02:02:54,880
and however i should say

3010
02:02:58,470 --> 02:02:56,880
i wrote a scientific american essay

3011
02:03:01,430 --> 02:02:58,480
talking about

3012
02:03:03,430 --> 02:03:01,440
what i call a norix spaceship uh you

3013
02:03:05,030 --> 02:03:03,440
know there is this biblical story in the

3014
02:03:08,470 --> 02:03:05,040
old testament about noah

3015
02:03:11,589 --> 02:03:08,480
that was worried about the great flood

3016
02:03:12,709 --> 02:03:11,599
and they wanted to save the animals from

3017
02:03:15,830 --> 02:03:12,719
that flood and

3018
02:03:16,629 --> 02:03:15,840
built an ark it's called knox ark where

3019
02:03:19,830 --> 02:03:16,639
he put

3020
02:03:23,510 --> 02:03:19,840
animals and save them we can do the same

3021
02:03:26,149 --> 02:03:23,520
by not placing you know elephants and

3022
02:03:28,950 --> 02:03:26,159
whales and birds on on a spacecraft but

3023
02:03:33,350 --> 02:03:31,589
keeping storing all of the information

3024
02:03:35,510 --> 02:03:33,360
about their dna

3025
02:03:38,070 --> 02:03:35,520
on a big computer system that we can put

3026
02:03:40,629 --> 02:03:38,080
on a cubesat a very small spacecraft

3027
02:03:42,709 --> 02:03:40,639
and if we have if we understand how to

3028
02:03:45,750 --> 02:03:42,719
create synthetic life

3029
02:03:48,390 --> 02:03:45,760
we can send a 3d printer together with

3030
02:03:49,109 --> 02:03:48,400
this computer system to other planets

3031
02:03:52,069 --> 02:03:49,119
and

3032
02:03:52,709 --> 02:03:52,079
recreate the synthetically the life that

3033
02:03:54,950 --> 02:03:52,719
we have

3034
02:03:57,430 --> 02:03:54,960
here on earth instead of bringing it

3035
02:03:59,109 --> 02:03:57,440
along just creating it because

3036
02:04:01,350 --> 02:03:59,119
you know if we understand how to make

3037
02:04:02,069 --> 02:04:01,360
synthetic life we should be able to do

3038
02:04:09,270 --> 02:04:02,079
it

3039
02:04:12,470 --> 02:04:09,280
that same scenario playing out here

3040
02:04:14,149 --> 02:04:12,480
on earth three billion years ago well

3041
02:04:16,310 --> 02:04:14,159
it's possible

3042
02:04:19,109 --> 02:04:16,320
we don't know what predated us i should

3043
02:04:21,189 --> 02:04:19,119
say i have a colleague at harvard that

3044
02:04:22,709 --> 02:04:21,199
is trying to produce synthetic life in

3045
02:04:25,270 --> 02:04:22,719
the laboratory his name is

3046
02:04:27,669 --> 02:04:25,280
jack shostak and he already won one

3047
02:04:30,870 --> 02:04:27,679
nobel prize he's working on the second

3048
02:04:33,510 --> 02:04:30,880
and he's getting close to it and he said

3049
02:04:34,629 --> 02:04:33,520
to me that a decade ago when he started

3050
02:04:36,790 --> 02:04:34,639
the project

3051
02:04:37,990 --> 02:04:36,800
he thought that it's very difficult it's

3052
02:04:41,350 --> 02:04:38,000
difficult to understand how

3053
02:04:42,870 --> 02:04:41,360
life started on earth out of random

3054
02:04:45,669 --> 02:04:42,880
processes of chemicals

3055
02:04:47,109 --> 02:04:45,679
coming together but now after working on

3056
02:04:49,830 --> 02:04:47,119
it for a decade

3057
02:04:51,669 --> 02:04:49,840
it looks to him like it's quite possible

3058
02:04:54,709 --> 02:04:51,679
that it happened at random

3059
02:04:57,109 --> 02:04:54,719
because he he finds that

3060
02:04:57,750 --> 02:04:57,119
he can make he's getting close to making

3061
02:05:01,350 --> 02:04:57,760
life

3062
02:05:03,589 --> 02:05:01,360
in the laboratory and uh so it really is

3063
02:05:07,189 --> 02:05:03,599
an interesting question uh

3064
02:05:09,270 --> 02:05:07,199
whether indeed life came out naturally

3065
02:05:09,990 --> 02:05:09,280
out of random processes or maybe it was

3066
02:05:12,950 --> 02:05:10,000
planted

3067
02:05:14,390 --> 02:05:12,960
on on on earth we really don't know the

3068
02:05:17,030 --> 02:05:14,400
answer

3069
02:05:17,589 --> 02:05:17,040
would it surprise you i mean would you

3070
02:05:20,229 --> 02:05:17,599
just sit

3071
02:05:20,790 --> 02:05:20,239
back and go well i didn't think of that

3072
02:05:23,350 --> 02:05:20,800
well

3073
02:05:24,790 --> 02:05:23,360
no it will not surprise me but then the

3074
02:05:27,589 --> 02:05:24,800
question arises okay

3075
02:05:29,430 --> 02:05:27,599
suppose life was planted on earth and by

3076
02:05:31,430 --> 02:05:29,440
the way that's called the panspermia

3077
02:05:34,709 --> 02:05:31,440
when life is being

3078
02:05:36,470 --> 02:05:34,719
brought to a planet from another place

3079
02:05:38,229 --> 02:05:36,480
uh and and you know it's quite possible

3080
02:05:39,109 --> 02:05:38,239
that it came from mars for example

3081
02:05:41,510 --> 02:05:39,119
because life

3082
02:05:44,069 --> 02:05:41,520
could have existed on early mars uh the

3083
02:05:47,350 --> 02:05:44,079
perseverance rover may find it

3084
02:05:49,430 --> 02:05:47,360
um and then it was brought to earth by

3085
02:05:50,629 --> 02:05:49,440
rocks that carried it that that's quite

3086
02:05:52,229 --> 02:05:50,639
a possible scenario

3087
02:05:54,550 --> 02:05:52,239
but you you should always ask the

3088
02:05:55,189 --> 02:05:54,560
question okay it came from another place

3089
02:05:57,510 --> 02:05:55,199
but

3090
02:05:59,109 --> 02:05:57,520
how did it form there right so it

3091
02:06:01,030 --> 02:05:59,119
doesn't alleviate the

3092
02:06:03,910 --> 02:06:01,040
the issue of how life started it just

3093
02:06:06,149 --> 02:06:03,920
says well if it started at one point

3094
02:06:07,430 --> 02:06:06,159
you know it could have then spread to

3095
02:06:10,950 --> 02:06:07,440
many other places

3096
02:06:12,470 --> 02:06:10,960
when uh it it's uh something that i

3097
02:06:13,270 --> 02:06:12,480
discussed a couple of years ago on the

3098
02:06:15,589 --> 02:06:13,280
show

3099
02:06:17,669 --> 02:06:15,599
when meteorites have been discovered

3100
02:06:20,310 --> 02:06:17,679
with fundamental sugars

3101
02:06:22,629 --> 02:06:20,320
you know that are for the creation of

3102
02:06:25,109 --> 02:06:22,639
amino acids therefore

3103
02:06:27,510 --> 02:06:25,119
you know rna therefore you know these

3104
02:06:31,430 --> 02:06:27,520
things are suggested right there

3105
02:06:34,709 --> 02:06:31,440
that it's surviving the vacuum of space

3106
02:06:35,350 --> 02:06:34,719
that's that's fascinating yeah and and

3107
02:06:37,589 --> 02:06:35,360
even

3108
02:06:38,550 --> 02:06:37,599
creatures that are called the toddy

3109
02:06:42,149 --> 02:06:38,560
grades

3110
02:06:45,510 --> 02:06:42,159
you know they are very resilient uh and

3111
02:06:49,109 --> 02:06:45,520
they were taken uh for a week into space

3112
02:06:50,790 --> 02:06:49,119
uh and dehydrated being exposed to

3113
02:06:54,069 --> 02:06:50,800
cosmic rays

3114
02:06:56,709 --> 02:06:54,079
to x-rays from the sun and uh

3115
02:06:58,390 --> 02:06:56,719
when they were brought back to earth a

3116
02:06:59,030 --> 02:06:58,400
significant fraction of them were able

3117
02:07:02,149 --> 02:06:59,040
to produce

3118
02:07:03,030 --> 02:07:02,159
healthy embryos and uh so you can

3119
02:07:06,069 --> 02:07:03,040
imagine

3120
02:07:08,870 --> 02:07:06,079
a microbes or surviving for

3121
02:07:09,430 --> 02:07:08,880
maybe up to a million years in space and

3122
02:07:12,870 --> 02:07:09,440
and

3123
02:07:13,750 --> 02:07:12,880
maybe transferring life from one planet

3124
02:07:15,589 --> 02:07:13,760
to another that

3125
02:07:17,750 --> 02:07:15,599
that's quite possible yeah the

3126
02:07:20,550 --> 02:07:17,760
tardigrades laughed it off

3127
02:07:23,030 --> 02:07:20,560
they did they laughed it off is that the

3128
02:07:27,030 --> 02:07:23,040
best you got

3129
02:07:29,910 --> 02:07:27,040
handsome little devils too

3130
02:07:30,550 --> 02:07:29,920
uh it's interesting to study them

3131
02:07:33,109 --> 02:07:30,560
because

3132
02:07:34,550 --> 02:07:33,119
their dna repairs itself when it's

3133
02:07:37,669 --> 02:07:34,560
damaged and

3134
02:07:40,310 --> 02:07:37,679
that could help us cure diseases

3135
02:07:41,830 --> 02:07:40,320
for humans you know make humans that

3136
02:07:45,189 --> 02:07:41,840
survive

3137
02:07:47,430 --> 02:07:45,199
much longer than we can

3138
02:07:48,550 --> 02:07:47,440
if you manage to understand how dna can

3139
02:07:51,669 --> 02:07:48,560
repair itself

3140
02:07:55,510 --> 02:07:51,679
now are we suggesting that

3141
02:07:59,910 --> 02:07:55,520
in in the next few hundred years

3142
02:08:03,270 --> 02:07:59,920
that we have to build ships

3143
02:08:03,910 --> 02:08:03,280
that will survive not only thousands of

3144
02:08:06,950 --> 02:08:03,920
years but

3145
02:08:09,990 --> 02:08:06,960
generational starships and just

3146
02:08:12,790 --> 02:08:10,000
head off in a direction and and that's

3147
02:08:13,270 --> 02:08:12,800
that's the best plan well that's one

3148
02:08:18,310 --> 02:08:13,280
plan

3149
02:08:22,069 --> 02:08:18,320
direction another is to

3150
02:08:23,990 --> 02:08:22,079
uh go to targets to destinations like

3151
02:08:26,470 --> 02:08:24,000
first go to the moon and then learn how

3152
02:08:28,390 --> 02:08:26,480
to survive there and then go to mars

3153
02:08:30,870 --> 02:08:28,400
learn how to survive there and then go

3154
02:08:33,189 --> 02:08:30,880
to a planet outside the solar system

3155
02:08:33,990 --> 02:08:33,199
next to another star maybe the nearest

3156
02:08:36,229 --> 02:08:34,000
star

3157
02:08:38,550 --> 02:08:36,239
it has a habitable planet the proxima

3158
02:08:41,830 --> 02:08:38,560
centauri has proxima b

3159
02:08:44,470 --> 02:08:41,840
and we can move on from there now

3160
02:08:46,310 --> 02:08:44,480
as i said we don't need to send humans

3161
02:08:48,870 --> 02:08:46,320
to those places

3162
02:08:50,629 --> 02:08:48,880
we can send equipment if we understand

3163
02:08:53,589 --> 02:08:50,639
how to produce life

3164
02:08:54,870 --> 02:08:53,599
out of the raw materials there i should

3165
02:08:56,470 --> 02:08:54,880
say that um

3166
02:08:58,229 --> 02:08:56,480
you know some of these ideas i

3167
02:09:01,910 --> 02:08:58,239
summarized in my

3168
02:09:05,270 --> 02:09:01,920
latest book extraterrestrial uh

3169
02:09:07,910 --> 02:09:05,280
which came out a few months ago but uh

3170
02:09:09,750 --> 02:09:07,920
i'm also about to have a textbook of

3171
02:09:12,310 --> 02:09:09,760
more than a thousand pages long

3172
02:09:13,510 --> 02:09:12,320
with that written with my former postdoc

3173
02:09:16,310 --> 02:09:13,520
manas willingham

3174
02:09:19,030 --> 02:09:16,320
that will come out by by harvard

3175
02:09:19,430 --> 02:09:19,040
university press in at the end of june

3176
02:09:23,189 --> 02:09:19,440
and

3177
02:09:24,229 --> 02:09:23,199
it basically uh surveys uh this entire

3178
02:09:26,790 --> 02:09:24,239
subject of

3179
02:09:28,069 --> 02:09:26,800
how to search for life both microbial

3180
02:09:31,270 --> 02:09:28,079
and technological

3181
02:09:31,990 --> 02:09:31,280
and also how life could have moved from

3182
02:09:35,030 --> 02:09:32,000
one place to

3183
02:09:36,550 --> 02:09:35,040
another have you been following uh in

3184
02:09:38,069 --> 02:09:36,560
the short time we have left we have

3185
02:09:41,109 --> 02:09:38,079
about 10 minutes left

3186
02:09:45,430 --> 02:09:41,119
have you been following

3187
02:09:47,589 --> 02:09:45,440
the ufo uap

3188
02:09:48,629 --> 02:09:47,599
news in the media uh between the

3189
02:09:50,870 --> 02:09:48,639
pentagon

3190
02:09:52,390 --> 02:09:50,880
the senate intelligence committee this

3191
02:09:55,510 --> 02:09:52,400
report that is supposed to be

3192
02:09:56,709 --> 02:09:55,520
written up uh by the dia and presented

3193
02:09:59,669 --> 02:09:56,719
to marco rubio

3194
02:10:01,510 --> 02:09:59,679
sometime next month in june about the

3195
02:10:03,430 --> 02:10:01,520
phenomenon that's going on with

3196
02:10:05,669 --> 02:10:03,440
you know our military forces and things

3197
02:10:08,069 --> 02:10:05,679
that have been captured on video and

3198
02:10:10,629 --> 02:10:08,079
and military personnel testifying about

3199
02:10:12,950 --> 02:10:10,639
what has been happening in the skies

3200
02:10:14,149 --> 02:10:12,960
which all of this would suggest an

3201
02:10:17,669 --> 02:10:14,159
extraterrestrial

3202
02:10:21,030 --> 02:10:17,679
component to it well in fact the

3203
02:10:23,350 --> 02:10:21,040
op ed the editor of the hill uh

3204
02:10:24,149 --> 02:10:23,360
asked me a couple of days ago to write

3205
02:10:26,629 --> 02:10:24,159
an op-ed

3206
02:10:27,510 --> 02:10:26,639
on this subject and i invite you to

3207
02:10:30,870 --> 02:10:27,520
check it out

3208
02:10:32,870 --> 02:10:30,880
um and my general point is you know it

3209
02:10:33,669 --> 02:10:32,880
it's interesting to see what these

3210
02:10:35,669 --> 02:10:33,679
reports

3211
02:10:37,430 --> 02:10:35,679
from military personnel that you know

3212
02:10:39,669 --> 02:10:37,440
are quite trustworthy

3213
02:10:41,910 --> 02:10:39,679
what they say but at the same time you

3214
02:10:43,830 --> 02:10:41,920
know these these people did not have the

3215
02:10:47,350 --> 02:10:43,840
best instrumentation so

3216
02:10:47,990 --> 02:10:47,360
my take is that we should use really the

3217
02:10:50,870 --> 02:10:48,000
best

3218
02:10:52,629 --> 02:10:50,880
state-of-the-art cameras and audio

3219
02:10:55,270 --> 02:10:52,639
sensors that we have

3220
02:10:56,149 --> 02:10:55,280
uh and deploy them at the same locations

3221
02:10:59,910 --> 02:10:56,159
and

3222
02:11:02,310 --> 02:10:59,920
make a scientific research

3223
02:11:04,229 --> 02:11:02,320
program out of this and figure out if

3224
02:11:05,669 --> 02:11:04,239
there is anything unusual because

3225
02:11:07,910 --> 02:11:05,679
you know science is about

3226
02:11:08,709 --> 02:11:07,920
reproducibility of results it's not

3227
02:11:11,750 --> 02:11:08,719
about

3228
02:11:15,430 --> 02:11:11,760
eyewitness testimonies we want to use

3229
02:11:18,470 --> 02:11:15,440
instruments that record the data with

3230
02:11:18,870 --> 02:11:18,480
uh the best precision we can and and see

3231
02:11:21,910 --> 02:11:18,880
that

3232
02:11:26,069 --> 02:11:21,920
reproduced and

3233
02:11:29,669 --> 02:11:26,079
it can be done we just need to

3234
02:11:29,990 --> 02:11:29,679
deploy those sensors and in an optimal

3235
02:11:32,709 --> 02:11:30,000
way

3236
02:11:34,790 --> 02:11:32,719
such that you know they they will tell

3237
02:11:39,030 --> 02:11:34,800
us if there is anything unusual

3238
02:11:41,589 --> 02:11:39,040
do you do you think that uh this report

3239
02:11:43,750 --> 02:11:41,599
if it does happen yeah you know it it

3240
02:11:45,109 --> 02:11:43,760
may not or may get delayed

3241
02:11:47,030 --> 02:11:45,119
but do you think that there would

3242
02:11:50,310 --> 02:11:47,040
actually be a mention

3243
02:11:51,750 --> 02:11:50,320
of e.t or little green men something not

3244
02:11:54,709 --> 02:11:51,760
of this earth

3245
02:11:57,430 --> 02:11:54,719
in a defense intelligence agency report

3246
02:11:58,950 --> 02:11:57,440
to the senate intelligence committee

3247
02:12:00,709 --> 02:11:58,960
well i think the interest of the

3248
02:12:03,750 --> 02:12:00,719
government in those

3249
02:12:04,629 --> 02:12:03,760
reports is is obvious and it was

3250
02:12:08,069 --> 02:12:04,639
originally

3251
02:12:11,109 --> 02:12:08,079
because of the possibility that

3252
02:12:13,109 --> 02:12:11,119
it may be technological equipment from

3253
02:12:15,189 --> 02:12:13,119
other nations spying on us

3254
02:12:17,830 --> 02:12:15,199
you see so it's a matter of national

3255
02:12:20,470 --> 02:12:17,840
security to figure out what these

3256
02:12:21,350 --> 02:12:20,480
reports are all about but once you

3257
02:12:26,069 --> 02:12:21,360
conclude

3258
02:12:28,550 --> 02:12:26,079
human-made technology that it

3259
02:12:29,350 --> 02:12:28,560
cannot be related to the chinese or the

3260
02:12:32,470 --> 02:12:29,360
russians

3261
02:12:35,830 --> 02:12:32,480
or someone else then

3262
02:12:38,709 --> 02:12:35,840
it's of less importance

3263
02:12:40,470 --> 02:12:38,719
in the national con context but it's of

3264
02:12:42,069 --> 02:12:40,480
bigger importance in the scientific

3265
02:12:45,030 --> 02:12:42,079
context and

3266
02:12:45,669 --> 02:12:45,040
for that i would say you know if indeed

3267
02:12:48,629 --> 02:12:45,679
there is

3268
02:12:49,270 --> 02:12:48,639
intriguing evidence to be released that

3269
02:12:51,589 --> 02:12:49,280
we should

3270
02:12:53,350 --> 02:12:51,599
try to reproduce that evidence with

3271
02:12:56,149 --> 02:12:53,360
scientific instruments and

3272
02:12:56,950 --> 02:12:56,159
try to see if we can identify anything

3273
02:13:00,069 --> 02:12:56,960
unusual

3274
02:13:02,870 --> 02:13:00,079
in the same locations and

3275
02:13:04,149 --> 02:13:02,880
that would be part of a scientific

3276
02:13:06,310 --> 02:13:04,159
expedition

3277
02:13:07,910 --> 02:13:06,320
you know that will be open to the public

3278
02:13:10,950 --> 02:13:07,920
not classified

3279
02:13:11,990 --> 02:13:10,960
and we should just check it out uh i

3280
02:13:15,109 --> 02:13:12,000
always bring this

3281
02:13:19,109 --> 02:13:15,119
example of you know the biblical story

3282
02:13:22,069 --> 02:13:19,119
from the old testament of abraham that

3283
02:13:23,990 --> 02:13:22,079
there is this story about abraham

3284
02:13:27,030 --> 02:13:24,000
hearing the voice of god and

3285
02:13:30,229 --> 02:13:27,040
telling him to sacrifice his only son

3286
02:13:31,589 --> 02:13:30,239
isaac and if abraham had a cell phone

3287
02:13:33,750 --> 02:13:31,599
with the voice memo

3288
02:13:35,750 --> 02:13:33,760
up he could have pressed the button and

3289
02:13:38,390 --> 02:13:35,760
recorded the voice of god and

3290
02:13:40,149 --> 02:13:38,400
then we would all believe the story but

3291
02:13:41,990 --> 02:13:40,159
he didn't have a cell phone so

3292
02:13:43,510 --> 02:13:42,000
we have to decide if we believe the

3293
02:13:46,470 --> 02:13:43,520
story or not

3294
02:13:48,310 --> 02:13:46,480
and the point is that having scientific

3295
02:13:51,430 --> 02:13:48,320
instruments

3296
02:13:52,629 --> 02:13:51,440
measuring things uh would make everyone

3297
02:13:53,669 --> 02:13:52,639
convinced that there is something

3298
02:13:56,149 --> 02:13:53,679
unusual so we

3299
02:13:57,430 --> 02:13:56,159
we just need to do that is the world

3300
02:14:00,870 --> 02:13:57,440
ready

3301
02:14:01,550 --> 02:14:00,880
and wait before you answer that your

3302
02:14:03,669 --> 02:14:01,560
book

3303
02:14:05,350 --> 02:14:03,679
extraterrestrial tremendous read

3304
02:14:07,910 --> 02:14:05,360
excellent read i've i've

3305
02:14:09,910 --> 02:14:07,920
read it eight or ten times now and

3306
02:14:12,790 --> 02:14:09,920
that's not an exaggeration

3307
02:14:13,830 --> 02:14:12,800
but that book went out into popular

3308
02:14:17,109 --> 02:14:13,840
culture

3309
02:14:19,109 --> 02:14:17,119
and was read around the world

3310
02:14:20,950 --> 02:14:19,119
you have to almost brace yourself with

3311
02:14:21,990 --> 02:14:20,960
the effect that that is going to have on

3312
02:14:25,510 --> 02:14:22,000
people

3313
02:14:26,709 --> 02:14:25,520
right that omaha extraterrestrial

3314
02:14:29,030 --> 02:14:26,719
something out of this

3315
02:14:31,030 --> 02:14:29,040
you know interstellar well that's where

3316
02:14:33,350 --> 02:14:31,040
we are today

3317
02:14:35,669 --> 02:14:33,360
and if that's where the department of

3318
02:14:38,470 --> 02:14:35,679
defense is going to start leaning

3319
02:14:40,149 --> 02:14:38,480
can the world handle it well that's an

3320
02:14:43,270 --> 02:14:40,159
excellent question the the book

3321
02:14:46,310 --> 02:14:43,280
my book is coming out in 28

3322
02:14:47,669 --> 02:14:46,320
editions in 25 languages and it had a

3323
02:14:49,430 --> 02:14:47,679
huge reception

3324
02:14:51,669 --> 02:14:49,440
from the public the public is really

3325
02:14:52,069 --> 02:14:51,679
starved for scientific discussion on

3326
02:14:54,470 --> 02:14:52,079
this

3327
02:14:56,310 --> 02:14:54,480
issue and it's a subject of great

3328
02:14:58,069 --> 02:14:56,320
interest to the public

3329
02:14:59,669 --> 02:14:58,079
and then of course as i said before the

3330
02:15:02,229 --> 02:14:59,679
government

3331
02:15:04,069 --> 02:15:02,239
is looking at the reports that indicate

3332
02:15:05,990 --> 02:15:04,079
unusual things

3333
02:15:07,270 --> 02:15:06,000
the scientific community is not really

3334
02:15:10,149 --> 02:15:07,280
ready to discuss

3335
02:15:11,589 --> 02:15:10,159
any of the unusual phenomena in the

3336
02:15:13,430 --> 02:15:11,599
context of

3337
02:15:14,950 --> 02:15:13,440
technological civilizations out there

3338
02:15:16,390 --> 02:15:14,960
and there is a lot of resistance and

3339
02:15:19,669 --> 02:15:16,400
pushback

3340
02:15:21,350 --> 02:15:19,679
but you know as a you know our progress

3341
02:15:24,790 --> 02:15:21,360
depends on evidence not on

3342
02:15:28,229 --> 02:15:24,800
how many likes an idea gets on twitter

3343
02:15:28,629 --> 02:15:28,239
as we discussed at the beginning so i do

3344
02:15:30,870 --> 02:15:28,639
hope

3345
02:15:31,990 --> 02:15:30,880
that eventually there will be so much

3346
02:15:34,229 --> 02:15:32,000
evidence that

3347
02:15:35,189 --> 02:15:34,239
it will become a main topic for

3348
02:15:38,310 --> 02:15:35,199
discussion and

3349
02:15:39,750 --> 02:15:38,320
gathering of more evidence my hope is in

3350
02:15:42,069 --> 02:15:39,760
the context of

3351
02:15:44,229 --> 02:15:42,079
this first interstellar object that we

3352
02:15:44,709 --> 02:15:44,239
will find many more in the coming years

3353
02:15:47,830 --> 02:15:44,719
and

3354
02:15:50,229 --> 02:15:47,840
as a result we will have a

3355
02:15:51,750 --> 02:15:50,239
spacecraft taking a close-up photograph

3356
02:15:54,390 --> 02:15:51,760
of one of them and

3357
02:15:55,109 --> 02:15:54,400
and then we could see directly from the

3358
02:15:56,950 --> 02:15:55,119
image

3359
02:15:59,350 --> 02:15:56,960
whether it's a natural or an

3360
02:16:01,350 --> 02:15:59,360
artificially made object and

3361
02:16:03,750 --> 02:16:01,360
you know a picture is worth a thousand

3362
02:16:06,629 --> 02:16:03,760
words in my case a picture is worth

3363
02:16:07,510 --> 02:16:06,639
66 000 words the number of words in my

3364
02:16:10,629 --> 02:16:07,520
book

3365
02:16:13,750 --> 02:16:10,639
had a photograph

3366
02:16:17,030 --> 02:16:13,760
the that's such a great point

3367
02:16:18,709 --> 02:16:17,040
um we have uh now we've got james webb

3368
02:16:20,069 --> 02:16:18,719
we have tess well you know of course

3369
02:16:21,669 --> 02:16:20,079
kepler

3370
02:16:23,189 --> 02:16:21,679
we have everything in chile and

3371
02:16:26,390 --> 02:16:23,199
argentina and hawaii

3372
02:16:27,270 --> 02:16:26,400
and these great telescopes all around

3373
02:16:29,350 --> 02:16:27,280
the world

3374
02:16:31,109 --> 02:16:29,360
that's what we have in our stage of

3375
02:16:33,910 --> 02:16:31,119
development right now

3376
02:16:34,709 --> 02:16:33,920
surely an extraterrestrial civilization

3377
02:16:37,750 --> 02:16:34,719
out there

3378
02:16:40,790 --> 02:16:37,760
has got that same technology and

3379
02:16:43,589 --> 02:16:40,800
much more and their ability to detect

3380
02:16:47,190 --> 02:16:43,599
planets habitable planets atmospheres

3381
02:16:48,230 --> 02:16:47,200
um uh trump's hours so they must know

3382
02:16:51,349 --> 02:16:48,240
it's a numbers game

3383
02:16:53,270 --> 02:16:51,359
right avi they know about planet earth

3384
02:16:54,629 --> 02:16:53,280
yeah i mean we also were not very

3385
02:16:57,990 --> 02:16:54,639
careful you know when you go

3386
02:16:59,270 --> 02:16:58,000
in the wilderness it's a good idea to to

3387
02:17:02,629 --> 02:16:59,280
stay quiet

3388
02:17:03,990 --> 02:17:02,639
and first listen rather than speak out

3389
02:17:06,230 --> 02:17:04,000
because you never know whether there are

3390
02:17:08,389 --> 02:17:06,240
predators out there but we have been

3391
02:17:09,030 --> 02:17:08,399
broadcasting radio waves for more than a

3392
02:17:11,270 --> 02:17:09,040
century

3393
02:17:13,669 --> 02:17:11,280
and if there are any civilizations with

3394
02:17:15,509 --> 02:17:13,679
the radio telescope similar to ours

3395
02:17:18,389 --> 02:17:15,519
within a hundred light years

3396
02:17:19,589 --> 02:17:18,399
away from us they already know about us

3397
02:17:22,389 --> 02:17:19,599
my guess is

3398
02:17:24,070 --> 02:17:22,399
you know one of two things uh either we

3399
02:17:25,190 --> 02:17:24,080
are not particularly interesting you

3400
02:17:27,190 --> 02:17:25,200
know we are

3401
02:17:28,950 --> 02:17:27,200
we developed our technologies only a 100

3402
02:17:29,349 --> 02:17:28,960
years ago we are not developed and we

3403
02:17:31,349 --> 02:17:29,359
are not

3404
02:17:33,509 --> 02:17:31,359
posing any threat and nobody cares about

3405
02:17:38,070 --> 02:17:33,519
us because things like us

3406
02:17:40,309 --> 02:17:38,080
existed many times before and

3407
02:17:41,509 --> 02:17:40,319
predated us and just like ants on a

3408
02:17:43,190 --> 02:17:41,519
sidewalk you know

3409
02:17:45,509 --> 02:17:43,200
that do not attract any special

3410
02:17:47,669 --> 02:17:45,519
attention another possibility is that an

3411
02:17:49,990 --> 02:17:47,679
advanced civilization that is

3412
02:17:51,509 --> 02:17:50,000
highly developed would decide to not

3413
02:17:53,509 --> 02:17:51,519
even interact with

3414
02:17:54,709 --> 02:17:53,519
lesser civilizations because it would

3415
02:17:57,830 --> 02:17:54,719
lower

3416
02:17:59,110 --> 02:17:57,840
its quality of life and i call it social

3417
02:18:01,669 --> 02:17:59,120
distancing

3418
02:18:03,509 --> 02:18:01,679
uh on a course on a galactic scale uh

3419
02:18:04,230 --> 02:18:03,519
they would prefer to close themselves in

3420
02:18:07,270 --> 02:18:04,240
a cocoon

3421
02:18:09,270 --> 02:18:07,280
and just uh ignore us

3422
02:18:10,309 --> 02:18:09,280
and that doesn't mean that we cannot

3423
02:18:12,309 --> 02:18:10,319
find about

3424
02:18:14,629 --> 02:18:12,319
their existence because they still have

3425
02:18:17,190 --> 02:18:14,639
to throw some trash out

3426
02:18:19,349 --> 02:18:17,200
and just like those investigative

3427
02:18:20,870 --> 02:18:19,359
journalists that go to the trash cans of

3428
02:18:22,790 --> 02:18:20,880
celebrities in hollywood

3429
02:18:24,309 --> 02:18:22,800
you know we can learn about their

3430
02:18:26,309 --> 02:18:24,319
private lives by

3431
02:18:27,830 --> 02:18:26,319
finding the trash that they dispose in

3432
02:18:31,830 --> 02:18:27,840
space

3433
02:18:34,629 --> 02:18:31,840
now if if

3434
02:18:36,709 --> 02:18:34,639
and again back to the numbers game if

3435
02:18:39,030 --> 02:18:36,719
our planet is what it is

3436
02:18:40,709 --> 02:18:39,040
it's beautiful the temperature's right

3437
02:18:43,110 --> 02:18:40,719
it's a beautiful blue gem

3438
02:18:44,230 --> 02:18:43,120
water action we've got everything going

3439
02:18:47,750 --> 02:18:44,240
on here

3440
02:18:51,110 --> 02:18:47,760
but there must be billions

3441
02:18:52,070 --> 02:18:51,120
of planets like earth that don't have a

3442
02:18:54,790 --> 02:18:52,080
crazy

3443
02:18:55,990 --> 02:18:54,800
human population on it that are not fun

3444
02:18:58,950 --> 02:18:56,000
and that would be

3445
02:18:59,589 --> 02:18:58,960
probably more attractive to et than a

3446
02:19:01,669 --> 02:18:59,599
planet

3447
02:19:03,030 --> 02:19:01,679
that is at this stage where we got a

3448
02:19:05,349 --> 02:19:03,040
bunch of crazies

3449
02:19:08,070 --> 02:19:05,359
wouldn't they want to go there yeah

3450
02:19:10,709 --> 02:19:08,080
that's that's a good point you know um

3451
02:19:12,629 --> 02:19:10,719
there is this famous fermi paradox from

3452
02:19:14,150 --> 02:19:12,639
seven years ago where enrico fermi a

3453
02:19:16,629 --> 02:19:14,160
famous physicist asked

3454
02:19:18,070 --> 02:19:16,639
where is everybody and to me that is

3455
02:19:21,270 --> 02:19:18,080
very presumptuous

3456
02:19:23,669 --> 02:19:21,280
it reminds me of the friends of my wife

3457
02:19:25,110 --> 02:19:23,679
when i met her she had a lot of friends

3458
02:19:27,349 --> 02:19:25,120
that were waiting for

3459
02:19:29,509 --> 02:19:27,359
prince charming on a white horse to show

3460
02:19:31,509 --> 02:19:29,519
up and make them a marriage proposal

3461
02:19:32,709 --> 02:19:31,519
and that never came and so they had to

3462
02:19:34,230 --> 02:19:32,719
compromise and

3463
02:19:36,469 --> 02:19:34,240
why would we think that we are

3464
02:19:38,549 --> 02:19:36,479
interesting uh enough

3465
02:19:39,990 --> 02:19:38,559
for anyone to come and have a party in

3466
02:19:42,790 --> 02:19:40,000
our backyard

3467
02:19:44,389 --> 02:19:42,800
i don't think so i i don't think we are

3468
02:19:46,870 --> 02:19:44,399
attractive or interesting or

3469
02:19:48,469 --> 02:19:46,880
or you know we should assume that we are

3470
02:19:51,110 --> 02:19:48,479
average or less

3471
02:19:52,790 --> 02:19:51,120
and as a result nobody cares about us

3472
02:19:54,309 --> 02:19:52,800
and then

3473
02:19:56,790 --> 02:19:54,319
therefore you know even if they know

3474
02:19:59,270 --> 02:19:56,800
that we exist we might not

3475
02:20:01,030 --> 02:19:59,280
marry the visit and the other part of

3476
02:20:03,990 --> 02:20:01,040
the fermi paradox

3477
02:20:05,030 --> 02:20:04,000
um which is the paradox of the fermi

3478
02:20:07,429 --> 02:20:05,040
paradox

3479
02:20:09,670 --> 02:20:07,439
is that we're seeing stuff all the time

3480
02:20:11,750 --> 02:20:09,680
right we're seeing what may be probes

3481
02:20:13,750 --> 02:20:11,760
we're seeing things in the night sky

3482
02:20:14,870 --> 02:20:13,760
i've seen crazy things that i can't

3483
02:20:18,150 --> 02:20:14,880
explain

3484
02:20:18,870 --> 02:20:18,160
and we're getting visited absolutely all

3485
02:20:22,389 --> 02:20:18,880
the time they

3486
02:20:23,190 --> 02:20:22,399
they are here well that's a possibility

3487
02:20:26,630 --> 02:20:23,200
that we are

3488
02:20:28,710 --> 02:20:26,640
uh basically blind to be based on our

3489
02:20:31,990 --> 02:20:28,720
convictions you know and there were many

3490
02:20:33,590 --> 02:20:32,000
instances like that in the past

3491
02:20:35,270 --> 02:20:33,600
just to give you an example well i can

3492
02:20:38,870 --> 02:20:35,280
give you two examples one

3493
02:20:41,670 --> 02:20:38,880
relatively recently um when i was

3494
02:20:43,110 --> 02:20:41,680
about 30 years ago when i started the

3495
02:20:46,150 --> 02:20:43,120
astrophysics

3496
02:20:49,110 --> 02:20:46,160
uh i remember the the the

3497
02:20:51,190 --> 02:20:49,120
looking in the library at all the uh

3498
02:20:52,309 --> 02:20:51,200
editions of the astrophysical journal

3499
02:20:54,790 --> 02:20:52,319
which had the

3500
02:20:56,870 --> 02:20:54,800
photographs of clusters of galaxies

3501
02:21:00,550 --> 02:20:56,880
these are groups of galaxies

3502
02:21:03,830 --> 02:21:00,560
with giant arcs of light around them and

3503
02:21:05,750 --> 02:21:03,840
everyone ignored those arcs uh simply

3504
02:21:05,990 --> 02:21:05,760
because nobody had a good explanation

3505
02:21:09,030 --> 02:21:06,000
and

3506
02:21:11,990 --> 02:21:09,040
mid

3507
02:21:14,469 --> 02:21:12,000
1980s the subject of gravitational

3508
02:21:17,110 --> 02:21:14,479
lensing became popular and then

3509
02:21:18,309 --> 02:21:17,120
people found out that actually these

3510
02:21:20,469 --> 02:21:18,319
arcs are

3511
02:21:22,150 --> 02:21:20,479
images of background galaxies that are

3512
02:21:24,550 --> 02:21:22,160
getting

3513
02:21:26,389 --> 02:21:24,560
length gravitationally length by by the

3514
02:21:27,510 --> 02:21:26,399
force of gravity of the cluster of

3515
02:21:30,710 --> 02:21:27,520
galaxies so

3516
02:21:33,110 --> 02:21:30,720
just like a big giant lens a magnifying

3517
02:21:35,030 --> 02:21:33,120
background image and and stretching it

3518
02:21:39,349 --> 02:21:35,040
across the sky to a giant

3519
02:21:41,750 --> 02:21:39,359
arc and so that's an example of you know

3520
02:21:43,270 --> 02:21:41,760
these arcs appeared in images but nobody

3521
02:21:46,389 --> 02:21:43,280
paid attention to them

3522
02:21:47,510 --> 02:21:46,399
and another example is when i visited

3523
02:21:49,590 --> 02:21:47,520
the mexico

3524
02:21:50,710 --> 02:21:49,600
uh we went to chichen itza which

3525
02:21:52,469 --> 02:21:50,720
happened to be

3526
02:21:54,150 --> 02:21:52,479
one of the prominent cities of the

3527
02:21:56,790 --> 02:21:54,160
mayans and the

3528
02:21:59,270 --> 02:21:56,800
the the tour guide was bragging that you

3529
02:22:02,870 --> 02:21:59,280
know the mayans had the

3530
02:22:04,150 --> 02:22:02,880
astronomers in their culture that were

3531
02:22:06,870 --> 02:22:04,160
at the highest

3532
02:22:07,590 --> 02:22:06,880
societal status and the reason for that

3533
02:22:10,790 --> 02:22:07,600
was

3534
02:22:11,429 --> 02:22:10,800
they collected data about the sky uh for

3535
02:22:14,070 --> 02:22:11,439
you know

3536
02:22:15,910 --> 02:22:14,080
uh thousands of years because

3537
02:22:18,389 --> 02:22:15,920
politicians

3538
02:22:20,550 --> 02:22:18,399
thought that they can forecast the

3539
02:22:23,190 --> 02:22:20,560
outcome of force they can forecast the

3540
02:22:25,750 --> 02:22:23,200
future based on the motion of planets or

3541
02:22:27,190 --> 02:22:25,760
or stars on the sky so they collected a

3542
02:22:29,990 --> 02:22:27,200
lot of data but

3543
02:22:31,030 --> 02:22:30,000
it was used for the wrong purpose we we

3544
02:22:34,150 --> 02:22:31,040
now know that

3545
02:22:35,030 --> 02:22:34,160
the outcome of wars is not dictated by

3546
02:22:38,309 --> 02:22:35,040
where

3547
02:22:40,070 --> 02:22:38,319
mars or jupiter are has nothing to do

3548
02:22:41,990 --> 02:22:40,080
with the outcome of wars

3549
02:22:43,670 --> 02:22:42,000
but back then they thought maybe it has

3550
02:22:45,349 --> 02:22:43,680
and that's why they needed astronomers

3551
02:22:48,230 --> 02:22:45,359
to guide the politicians

3552
02:22:50,230 --> 02:22:48,240
so what i'm saying is sometimes you even

3553
02:22:52,630 --> 02:22:50,240
collect a lot of data

3554
02:22:54,230 --> 02:22:52,640
but you have the wrong ideas about how

3555
02:22:56,389 --> 02:22:54,240
to interpret it

3556
02:22:58,309 --> 02:22:56,399
all that data collected didn't help them

3557
02:23:00,070 --> 02:22:58,319
when the spanish arrived

3558
02:23:01,670 --> 02:23:00,080
that's all i got to say about that

3559
02:23:03,349 --> 02:23:01,680
that's a separate that's a separate

3560
02:23:04,070 --> 02:23:03,359
discussion that's a separate discussion

3561
02:23:05,990 --> 02:23:04,080
that's the reason

3562
02:23:08,309 --> 02:23:06,000
a reason for us to be worried about

3563
02:23:10,070 --> 02:23:08,319
predators from outer space

3564
02:23:12,150 --> 02:23:10,080
thank you so much avi what a great

3565
02:23:14,870 --> 02:23:12,160
conversation and uh

3566
02:23:16,710 --> 02:23:14,880
where can do you do you connect much on

3567
02:23:18,150 --> 02:23:16,720
social media and if somebody wants to

3568
02:23:20,469 --> 02:23:18,160
ask you a question

3569
02:23:21,270 --> 02:23:20,479
can they do that they can send me an

3570
02:23:23,510 --> 02:23:21,280
email uh

3571
02:23:25,190 --> 02:23:23,520
i promised my wife when we got married

3572
02:23:26,309 --> 02:23:25,200
that i will not have any footprint on

3573
02:23:28,469 --> 02:23:26,319
social media

3574
02:23:29,750 --> 02:23:28,479
and you know it it offers the advantage

3575
02:23:32,790 --> 02:23:29,760
of uh

3576
02:23:35,190 --> 02:23:32,800
not not caring about the other people's

3577
02:23:38,230 --> 02:23:35,200
views and and having my own independent

3578
02:23:39,670 --> 02:23:38,240
opinions and uh it also saves me a lot

3579
02:23:42,070 --> 02:23:39,680
of time so i can

3580
02:23:43,510 --> 02:23:42,080
write the articles uh scientific papers

3581
02:23:46,630 --> 02:23:43,520
and and books

3582
02:23:49,349 --> 02:23:46,640
and your website is uh

3583
02:23:50,150 --> 02:23:49,359
if you put my name in google avilobe you

3584
02:23:52,630 --> 02:23:50,160
will find

3585
02:23:53,270 --> 02:23:52,640
there is a main website that is my own

3586
02:23:56,230 --> 02:23:53,280
that

3587
02:23:57,990 --> 02:23:56,240
features all my publications all my

3588
02:23:59,990 --> 02:23:58,000
scientific american articles that i

3589
02:24:03,110 --> 02:24:00,000
write every week

3590
02:24:04,870 --> 02:24:03,120
some of the videos of news broadcast

3591
02:24:07,270 --> 02:24:04,880
that i took part in and

3592
02:24:08,150 --> 02:24:07,280
basically everything that i create is

3593
02:24:11,190 --> 02:24:08,160
out there

3594
02:24:13,910 --> 02:24:11,200
and of course we have the links for

3595
02:24:14,309 --> 02:24:13,920
his book extraterrestrial right there

3596
02:24:17,830 --> 02:24:14,319
over

3597
02:24:19,270 --> 02:24:17,840
at jimmychurchradio.com professor loeb

3598
02:24:21,670 --> 02:24:19,280
another great conversation

3599
02:24:23,990 --> 02:24:21,680
thank you so much thanks for having me

3600
02:24:25,670 --> 02:24:24,000
jimmy you're the best

3601
02:24:27,349 --> 02:24:25,680
we'll be right back after this short

3602
02:24:55,030 --> 02:24:27,359
break i'm your host timmy church this is

3603
02:24:59,270 --> 02:24:56,870
hey what up y'all should go biblical fox

3604
02:25:04,550 --> 02:24:59,280
here and you are listening to my boy

3605
02:25:15,590 --> 02:25:07,830
despite popular opinion reading a book

3606
02:25:19,670 --> 02:25:17,830
this is jimmy church and i'll be at the

3607
02:25:22,870 --> 02:25:19,680
ufo megacon this june

3608
02:25:25,510 --> 02:25:22,880
6th through the 12th 2021 in laughlin

3609
02:25:28,309 --> 02:25:25,520
nevada the laughlin ufo megacon

3610
02:25:29,270 --> 02:25:28,319
is unique it's seven days of education

3611
02:25:32,550 --> 02:25:29,280
and disclosure

3612
02:25:34,630 --> 02:25:32,560
it's unlike all other ufo conferences

3613
02:25:37,270 --> 02:25:34,640
the laughlin ufo mega conference

3614
02:25:39,750 --> 02:25:37,280
specializes in bringing you new people

3615
02:25:40,389 --> 02:25:39,760
offering new information and disclosure

3616
02:25:42,389 --> 02:25:40,399
all of this

3617
02:25:44,469 --> 02:25:42,399
is offered at prices so low you can

3618
02:25:47,590 --> 02:25:44,479
actually afford to be there

3619
02:25:50,950 --> 02:25:47,600
for instance seven night hotel packages

3620
02:25:53,750 --> 02:25:50,960
one or two people start at just 320

3621
02:25:55,830 --> 02:25:53,760
inclusive education and disclosure is

3622
02:25:56,469 --> 02:25:55,840
why the laughlin ufo mega conference

3623
02:25:58,550 --> 02:25:56,479
exists

3624
02:26:00,309 --> 02:25:58,560
join us for all seven days or a half a

3625
02:26:03,550 --> 02:26:00,319
week or just a day or two

3626
02:26:04,870 --> 02:26:03,560
but join us go to laughlin

3627
02:26:07,670 --> 02:26:04,880
ufomegaconference.com

3628
02:26:08,950 --> 02:26:07,680
register now the only thing keeping you

3629
02:26:12,750 --> 02:26:08,960
from being with all of us

3630
02:26:19,429 --> 02:26:12,760
is you just go to

3631
02:26:23,270 --> 02:26:21,190
this is jimmy church of fade to black

3632
02:26:26,389 --> 02:26:23,280
and i take life change t

3633
02:26:27,110 --> 02:26:26,399
supplements every single day it's what i

3634
02:26:29,630 --> 02:26:27,120
do

3635
02:26:33,270 --> 02:26:29,640
click on their banner at

3636
02:26:38,070 --> 02:26:35,429
when you take the beans from central

3637
02:26:39,349 --> 02:26:38,080
america with dashes of indonesian and

3638
02:26:41,590 --> 02:26:39,359
african mixed in

3639
02:26:42,950 --> 02:26:41,600
and then roasted to the dark side of

3640
02:26:46,150 --> 02:26:42,960
fade to black

3641
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3660
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knowledge dot tv

3661
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02:28:30,070 --> 02:28:29,680
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02:28:34,870 --> 02:28:33,040
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3690
02:28:46,630 --> 02:28:45,120
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3691
02:28:49,510 --> 02:28:46,640
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3693
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3694
02:29:07,399 --> 02:29:14,150
kgraradio.com

3695
02:29:14,160 --> 02:29:35,429
this is kjcr jimmychurchradio.com

3696
02:29:40,550 --> 02:29:39,110
all right welcome back fade to black

3697
02:29:43,110 --> 02:29:40,560
hi my name is jimmy church i want to

3698
02:29:46,550 --> 02:29:43,120
thank javi loeb uh for coming in tonight

3699
02:29:47,030 --> 02:29:46,560
again we pre-recorded that uh right

3700
02:29:49,510 --> 02:29:47,040
before

3701
02:29:50,070 --> 02:29:49,520
show time tonight to make it as live and

3702
02:29:52,070 --> 02:29:50,080
up-to-date

3703
02:30:02,830 --> 02:29:52,080
as possible i have opened up the phone

3704
02:30:05,830 --> 02:30:04,309
747-228-2051-747-228-2051 what your

3705
02:30:08,870 --> 02:30:05,840
comments are

3706
02:30:09,750 --> 02:30:08,880
um about everything that avi went

3707
02:30:11,670 --> 02:30:09,760
through tonight

3708
02:30:12,790 --> 02:30:11,680
it was a very very interesting

3709
02:30:15,990 --> 02:30:12,800
conversation

3710
02:30:16,790 --> 02:30:16,000
comprehensive compelling um and a lot of

3711
02:30:19,830 --> 02:30:16,800
information

3712
02:30:22,070 --> 02:30:19,840
uh was packed in there uh we did uh just

3713
02:30:26,469 --> 02:30:22,080
over two hours uh tonight

3714
02:30:29,429 --> 02:30:26,479
and uh i realized also the uh

3715
02:30:31,670 --> 02:30:29,439
uh the commercials were out of sync as

3716
02:30:32,710 --> 02:30:31,680
we started to record i lost track of the

3717
02:30:35,910 --> 02:30:32,720
time

3718
02:30:39,110 --> 02:30:35,920
and i was involved in the conversation

3719
02:30:41,270 --> 02:30:39,120
and and and and i got lost and

3720
02:30:42,389 --> 02:30:41,280
and so things were a little out of whack

3721
02:30:44,790 --> 02:30:42,399
but anyway

3722
02:30:46,550 --> 02:30:44,800
uh a great conversation so what did you

3723
02:30:47,270 --> 02:30:46,560
think seven four seven two two eight two

3724
02:30:49,830 --> 02:30:47,280
zero five

3725
02:30:51,349 --> 02:30:49,840
one i don't have anything prepared for

3726
02:30:55,349 --> 02:30:51,359
right now

3727
02:30:55,910 --> 02:30:55,359
um uh to go into uh so the phone lines

3728
02:30:57,750 --> 02:30:55,920
are open

3729
02:30:59,030 --> 02:30:57,760
seven four seven two two eight two zero

3730
02:31:02,550 --> 02:30:59,040
five one

3731
02:31:05,910 --> 02:31:02,560
and uh the the the takeaways

3732
02:31:09,110 --> 02:31:05,920
um that i have with this which

3733
02:31:12,870 --> 02:31:09,120
um i think avi uh was

3734
02:31:15,990 --> 02:31:12,880
was brilliant in he was being kind

3735
02:31:18,950 --> 02:31:16,000
uh to me because i'm asking questions

3736
02:31:22,070 --> 02:31:18,960
for somebody like him

3737
02:31:22,550 --> 02:31:22,080
are fairly basic and and i get that but

3738
02:31:26,150 --> 02:31:22,560
i need

3739
02:31:28,550 --> 02:31:26,160
so many

3740
02:31:30,070 --> 02:31:28,560
varied different opinions and theories

3741
02:31:33,349 --> 02:31:30,080
about what is going on

3742
02:31:34,950 --> 02:31:33,359
and that includes the big bang there's

3743
02:31:37,670 --> 02:31:34,960
debate going on

3744
02:31:38,389 --> 02:31:37,680
today in the scientific community if the

3745
02:31:41,349 --> 02:31:38,399
big bang

3746
02:31:43,910 --> 02:31:41,359
actually happened uh the way that it has

3747
02:31:47,349 --> 02:31:43,920
been laid out and i used the word dogma

3748
02:31:50,389 --> 02:31:47,359
uh for a good reason tonight um in

3749
02:31:52,469 --> 02:31:50,399
the interview um

3750
02:31:54,550 --> 02:31:52,479
because it has been repeated over and

3751
02:31:55,349 --> 02:31:54,560
over again and eventually we just accept

3752
02:32:00,230 --> 02:31:55,359
it as

3753
02:32:02,550 --> 02:32:00,240
as truth um to go against einstein

3754
02:32:04,150 --> 02:32:02,560
which uh nobody wants to do nobody wants

3755
02:32:07,270 --> 02:32:04,160
to challenge that

3756
02:32:12,070 --> 02:32:07,280
and einstein's uh

3757
02:32:15,190 --> 02:32:12,080
uh um theories both of them

3758
02:32:18,630 --> 02:32:15,200
uh were so well done

3759
02:32:20,710 --> 02:32:18,640
those numbers uh today are perfect you

3760
02:32:23,910 --> 02:32:20,720
can go back to newton too

3761
02:32:24,469 --> 02:32:23,920
and the the math is so good that today

3762
02:32:28,309 --> 02:32:24,479
it

3763
02:32:31,670 --> 02:32:28,319
remains solid there's uh most of

3764
02:32:35,349 --> 02:32:31,680
uh what einstein has presented to us

3765
02:32:38,870 --> 02:32:35,359
uh still holds true today and nobody

3766
02:32:41,910 --> 02:32:38,880
wants to step up and challenge i

3767
02:32:44,230 --> 02:32:41,920
i i think you know

3768
02:32:45,910 --> 02:32:44,240
i'm just not that smart but the more

3769
02:32:49,270 --> 02:32:45,920
that i think about

3770
02:32:52,710 --> 02:32:49,280
um everything and infinity

3771
02:32:56,550 --> 02:32:52,720
and time and the universe and what space

3772
02:32:59,670 --> 02:32:56,560
actually is out there the great void

3773
02:33:01,910 --> 02:32:59,680
okay so our universe is 13.8 billion

3774
02:33:04,309 --> 02:33:01,920
years old i accept that

3775
02:33:05,270 --> 02:33:04,319
but there was plenty of action going on

3776
02:33:07,670 --> 02:33:05,280
before then

3777
02:33:08,309 --> 02:33:07,680
time doesn't start the beginning of

3778
02:33:11,349 --> 02:33:08,319
everything

3779
02:33:12,870 --> 02:33:11,359
is not there there was something before

3780
02:33:15,429 --> 02:33:12,880
the big bang and there was something

3781
02:33:17,429 --> 02:33:15,439
before that that came before

3782
02:33:19,990 --> 02:33:17,439
the big bang that's it there isn't

3783
02:33:22,790 --> 02:33:20,000
another but nobody wants to step up and

3784
02:33:24,150 --> 02:33:22,800
challenge that and i find that very very

3785
02:33:27,270 --> 02:33:24,160
interesting

3786
02:33:30,309 --> 02:33:27,280
avi is okay with talking about it and

3787
02:33:33,190 --> 02:33:30,319
uh so there's that part and

3788
02:33:34,309 --> 02:33:33,200
the the other interesting things and

3789
02:33:36,950 --> 02:33:34,319
there were so many

3790
02:33:38,389 --> 02:33:36,960
uh tonight uh with avi uh by the way

3791
02:33:40,150 --> 02:33:38,399
phone lines are open seven four seven

3792
02:33:42,230 --> 02:33:40,160
two two eight two zero five one

3793
02:33:43,190 --> 02:33:42,240
i've got some calls on hold if you wanna

3794
02:33:45,030 --> 02:33:43,200
jump in

3795
02:33:46,830 --> 02:33:45,040
seven four seven two two eight two zero

3796
02:33:49,750 --> 02:33:46,840
five one um

3797
02:33:53,030 --> 02:33:49,760
is the i asked

3798
02:33:56,950 --> 02:33:53,040
avi early on the show is there a

3799
02:33:58,870 --> 02:33:56,960
central depository of numbers where you

3800
02:34:00,870 --> 02:33:58,880
guys go to

3801
02:34:02,070 --> 02:34:00,880
right everybody's on the same page is

3802
02:34:03,910 --> 02:34:02,080
there and he said

3803
02:34:05,830 --> 02:34:03,920
yes and i thought that that was pretty

3804
02:34:08,870 --> 02:34:05,840
interesting i should have said

3805
02:34:12,150 --> 02:34:08,880
where is it can i see it um

3806
02:34:13,670 --> 02:34:12,160
i put the same onus i put the same

3807
02:34:17,110 --> 02:34:13,680
situation

3808
02:34:19,750 --> 02:34:17,120
on egyptologist on historians

3809
02:34:21,670 --> 02:34:19,760
um you want to quote numbers and talk

3810
02:34:23,590 --> 02:34:21,680
about history in years bc

3811
02:34:24,950 --> 02:34:23,600
and this and this where are you getting

3812
02:34:27,030 --> 02:34:24,960
your numbers from

3813
02:34:28,630 --> 02:34:27,040
where is it are all of you going to the

3814
02:34:29,990 --> 02:34:28,640
same place because the numbers are

3815
02:34:32,309 --> 02:34:30,000
different how come you guys

3816
02:34:33,429 --> 02:34:32,319
can't agree on this and it's the same

3817
02:34:36,870 --> 02:34:33,439
thing with the numbers

3818
02:34:40,070 --> 02:34:36,880
of the universe of the milky way

3819
02:34:43,510 --> 02:34:40,080
the expansion uh nobody

3820
02:34:46,710 --> 02:34:43,520
to me is on the same page no no you hear

3821
02:34:49,830 --> 02:34:46,720
different things quoted um all day long

3822
02:34:53,990 --> 02:34:49,840
avi is in a general sense

3823
02:34:57,429 --> 02:34:54,000
where i am one trillion

3824
02:35:02,150 --> 02:34:57,439
uh uh galaxies in the universe

3825
02:35:05,990 --> 02:35:02,160
um 500 billion stars in our milky way

3826
02:35:07,429 --> 02:35:06,000
uh with 500 at least 500 billion planets

3827
02:35:09,510 --> 02:35:07,439
and probably

3828
02:35:11,110 --> 02:35:09,520
20 billion that are just like planet

3829
02:35:12,950 --> 02:35:11,120
earth and

3830
02:35:15,270 --> 02:35:12,960
that's where we are today and those

3831
02:35:19,510 --> 02:35:15,280
numbers are increasing

3832
02:35:21,349 --> 02:35:19,520
um every single day every day

3833
02:35:23,190 --> 02:35:21,359
you know if you're a cosmologist if

3834
02:35:24,710 --> 02:35:23,200
you're an astrophysicist every day those

3835
02:35:28,070 --> 02:35:24,720
numbers are bigger

3836
02:35:30,230 --> 02:35:28,080
um and they're crazier

3837
02:35:32,550 --> 02:35:30,240
you know and that's the part where it's

3838
02:35:34,230 --> 02:35:32,560
a numbers game i i repeated that many

3839
02:35:38,230 --> 02:35:34,240
times tonight with avi

3840
02:35:40,389 --> 02:35:38,240
it's a numbers game it's a numbers game

3841
02:35:41,429 --> 02:35:40,399
that that's it there is no other way to

3842
02:35:44,790 --> 02:35:41,439
look at it it

3843
02:35:49,270 --> 02:35:44,800
is a numbers game there is

3844
02:35:52,870 --> 02:35:49,280
probably a few identical planets

3845
02:35:56,070 --> 02:35:52,880
like earth in the universe with

3846
02:35:58,150 --> 02:35:56,080
me and you right that

3847
02:36:00,790 --> 02:35:58,160
that's that's a numbers game it's not

3848
02:36:01,590 --> 02:36:00,800
about if there is intelligent life out

3849
02:36:04,630 --> 02:36:01,600
there

3850
02:36:09,590 --> 02:36:04,640
it's how much that's it and so

3851
02:36:12,710 --> 02:36:09,600
the universe is one thing and it is big

3852
02:36:16,469 --> 02:36:12,720
if you just look at our milky way

3853
02:36:20,230 --> 02:36:16,479
it is as equally as impressive

3854
02:36:21,510 --> 02:36:20,240
right here our home the milky way

3855
02:36:23,429 --> 02:36:21,520
there is so much life here it's

3856
02:36:24,389 --> 02:36:23,439
incredible it's incredible it's a

3857
02:36:27,190 --> 02:36:24,399
numbers game

3858
02:36:27,590 --> 02:36:27,200
there isn't another way to look at it

3859
02:36:31,830 --> 02:36:27,600
seven

3860
02:36:35,270 --> 02:36:31,840
one oh

3861
02:36:39,429 --> 02:36:35,280
um also avi said something

3862
02:36:44,230 --> 02:36:39,439
very very very interesting

3863
02:36:46,309 --> 02:36:44,240
he said 300 years

3864
02:36:47,750 --> 02:36:46,319
300 years that's our window of

3865
02:36:50,469 --> 02:36:47,760
opportunity

3866
02:36:51,830 --> 02:36:50,479
for blowing this popsicle stand right

3867
02:36:54,870 --> 02:36:51,840
that's it

3868
02:36:55,349 --> 02:36:54,880
300 years we need to and there's too

3869
02:36:59,590 --> 02:36:55,359
many

3870
02:37:02,790 --> 02:36:59,600
things that come

3871
02:37:04,790 --> 02:37:02,800
in the way and it's not just

3872
02:37:06,469 --> 02:37:04,800
uh you know what what could happen with

3873
02:37:08,950 --> 02:37:06,479
our son

3874
02:37:11,110 --> 02:37:08,960
that that's there there are natural

3875
02:37:11,670 --> 02:37:11,120
disasters there could be an asteroid it

3876
02:37:15,349 --> 02:37:11,680
could be an

3877
02:37:19,190 --> 02:37:15,359
alien invasion there could be plagues uh

3878
02:37:22,230 --> 02:37:19,200
nuclear war there's all kinds of things

3879
02:37:25,510 --> 02:37:22,240
that could end it for us here right

3880
02:37:27,990 --> 02:37:25,520
and it's not just uh the uh

3881
02:37:30,190 --> 02:37:28,000
instability of our sun the reason why we

3882
02:37:35,030 --> 02:37:30,200
are here is because our sun has been

3883
02:37:39,429 --> 02:37:35,040
amazingly stable for five billion years

3884
02:37:42,389 --> 02:37:39,439
that part of everything is over

3885
02:37:44,309 --> 02:37:42,399
okay we've got uh out of the five

3886
02:37:48,389 --> 02:37:44,319
billion years that are left

3887
02:37:50,870 --> 02:37:48,399
you back up that first billion years

3888
02:37:52,070 --> 02:37:50,880
is crazy town for the sun and we don't

3889
02:37:55,110 --> 02:37:52,080
know

3890
02:37:58,550 --> 02:37:55,120
where the helium hydrogen

3891
02:37:59,429 --> 02:37:58,560
core mix change is going to happen but

3892
02:38:02,950 --> 02:37:59,439
when it does

3893
02:38:05,830 --> 02:38:02,960
i'm telling you that is craziness

3894
02:38:06,710 --> 02:38:05,840
what is potentially going to happen with

3895
02:38:08,389 --> 02:38:06,720
the sun

3896
02:38:10,230 --> 02:38:08,399
it's going to expand it's going to

3897
02:38:13,030 --> 02:38:10,240
contract it's going to get

3898
02:38:13,990 --> 02:38:13,040
hot everything here is going to

3899
02:38:16,550 --> 02:38:14,000
evaporate there

3900
02:38:17,590 --> 02:38:16,560
won't be anything the surface of the

3901
02:38:20,950 --> 02:38:17,600
earth

3902
02:38:22,630 --> 02:38:20,960
um sooner than later

3903
02:38:23,990 --> 02:38:22,640
it's going to be thousands of degrees

3904
02:38:25,270 --> 02:38:24,000
there won't be any water there's not

3905
02:38:27,270 --> 02:38:25,280
going to be any life it's all going to

3906
02:38:29,349 --> 02:38:27,280
burn up and go

3907
02:38:30,630 --> 02:38:29,359
we need to be gone we need to start

3908
02:38:33,910 --> 02:38:30,640
making plans

3909
02:38:36,550 --> 02:38:33,920
now about leaving

3910
02:38:37,910 --> 02:38:36,560
we have to have an exit strategy and his

3911
02:38:40,710 --> 02:38:37,920
point to that

3912
02:38:42,469 --> 02:38:40,720
was uh pretty amazing and to the point i

3913
02:38:46,070 --> 02:38:42,479
mean to the point i just said point

3914
02:38:48,389 --> 02:38:46,080
four times 300 years

3915
02:38:49,510 --> 02:38:48,399
300 years very very interesting

3916
02:38:52,270 --> 02:38:49,520
conversation

3917
02:38:53,670 --> 02:38:52,280
with that let's go to the phone

3918
02:38:55,349 --> 02:38:53,680
747-228-2051

3919
02:38:59,030 --> 02:38:55,359
let's see who is up first hi you're live

3920
02:38:59,040 --> 02:39:03,030
you're live

3921
02:39:10,550 --> 02:39:07,349
you yes you are live oh wow hey

3922
02:39:13,110 --> 02:39:10,560
uh man scott calling from uh

3923
02:39:15,030 --> 02:39:13,120
lebanon oregon hey hey scott take me out

3924
02:39:20,150 --> 02:39:15,040
speaker

3925
02:39:25,670 --> 02:39:23,429
here yes i'm here how are you all right

3926
02:39:27,110 --> 02:39:25,680
i was on my headset sorry that's okay

3927
02:39:28,950 --> 02:39:27,120
that's okay

3928
02:39:31,510 --> 02:39:28,960
so i was listening to the show tonight

3929
02:39:35,270 --> 02:39:31,520
and a couple of things kind of hit me

3930
02:39:37,030 --> 02:39:35,280
and i was hoping to talk to avi i didn't

3931
02:39:40,469 --> 02:39:37,040
know you pre-recorded that

3932
02:39:41,990 --> 02:39:40,479
um my biggest question and concern is is

3933
02:39:44,710 --> 02:39:42,000
we're spending so much time

3934
02:39:46,710 --> 02:39:44,720
and money shooting rockets off into

3935
02:39:48,550 --> 02:39:46,720
space with people on them

3936
02:39:51,190 --> 02:39:48,560
why aren't we spending so much time and

3937
02:39:52,950 --> 02:39:51,200
money on figuring out how to sustain our

3938
02:39:56,469 --> 02:39:52,960
lives to go out there

3939
02:39:59,590 --> 02:39:56,479
in the first place replicating water

3940
02:40:00,710 --> 02:39:59,600
replicating food creating you know heat

3941
02:40:03,349 --> 02:40:00,720
suits or cold

3942
02:40:05,670 --> 02:40:03,359
suits for the the temperature swings

3943
02:40:08,389 --> 02:40:05,680
that you're going to deal with in space

3944
02:40:09,110 --> 02:40:08,399
why are we not spending so much time and

3945
02:40:11,429 --> 02:40:09,120
money

3946
02:40:12,710 --> 02:40:11,439
figuring out how to keep ourselves alive

3947
02:40:14,710 --> 02:40:12,720
indefinitely

3948
02:40:16,710 --> 02:40:14,720
in these extreme conditions that we're

3949
02:40:18,230 --> 02:40:16,720
gonna find ourselves in

3950
02:40:19,830 --> 02:40:18,240
well that was one of the points i

3951
02:40:22,630 --> 02:40:19,840
brought up to avi these

3952
02:40:23,349 --> 02:40:22,640
these are the conversations we need to

3953
02:40:26,790 --> 02:40:23,359
be having

3954
02:40:28,230 --> 02:40:26,800
now if we are going to if we have to

3955
02:40:31,510 --> 02:40:28,240
leave and we do we have to

3956
02:40:32,870 --> 02:40:31,520
we can't stay okay that's it we can't

3957
02:40:36,630 --> 02:40:32,880
stay

3958
02:40:38,550 --> 02:40:36,640
and and if if the

3959
02:40:39,670 --> 02:40:38,560
the way off this planet which is an

3960
02:40:42,790 --> 02:40:39,680
obvious one

3961
02:40:45,910 --> 02:40:42,800
where we have to build really large

3962
02:40:47,429 --> 02:40:45,920
generational starships right that we're

3963
02:40:50,790 --> 02:40:47,439
going to have

3964
02:40:54,710 --> 02:40:50,800
kids and grandkids a hundred times over

3965
02:40:57,830 --> 02:40:54,720
right on these ships everything

3966
02:40:58,790 --> 02:40:57,840
has to be thought out and discussed all

3967
02:41:00,469 --> 02:40:58,800
of it

3968
02:41:02,389 --> 02:41:00,479
how these ships are built they're

3969
02:41:04,150 --> 02:41:02,399
obviously to be cities

3970
02:41:05,830 --> 02:41:04,160
how do you you know what one of the

3971
02:41:10,389 --> 02:41:05,840
biggest

3972
02:41:15,269 --> 02:41:10,399
scott is this

3973
02:41:18,710 --> 02:41:15,279
how do you occupy your time

3974
02:41:19,750 --> 02:41:18,720
how do you keep everybody's mind moving

3975
02:41:21,590 --> 02:41:19,760
forward

3976
02:41:23,590 --> 02:41:21,600
how do you do that here on earth we've

3977
02:41:26,230 --> 02:41:23,600
got schools we've got things you can go

3978
02:41:26,710 --> 02:41:26,240
fishing you can go on vacation you can

3979
02:41:29,830 --> 02:41:26,720
there's

3980
02:41:31,910 --> 02:41:29,840
things you can do to keep your mind

3981
02:41:35,510 --> 02:41:31,920
moving so you don't stagnate

3982
02:41:39,190 --> 02:41:35,520
but if you're on a ship how do you

3983
02:41:41,190 --> 02:41:39,200
teach how do you you know with kids this

3984
02:41:42,389 --> 02:41:41,200
is a big question for me with kids in

3985
02:41:44,630 --> 02:41:42,399
school

3986
02:41:46,150 --> 02:41:44,640
here we can talk about nature and and

3987
02:41:48,630 --> 02:41:46,160
the oceans and

3988
02:41:50,630 --> 02:41:48,640
and trees and we can talk about

3989
02:41:52,710 --> 02:41:50,640
industrial things and technology

3990
02:41:54,710 --> 02:41:52,720
and everything that we have on this

3991
02:41:58,230 --> 02:41:54,720
planet you're not going to have that

3992
02:42:01,429 --> 02:41:58,240
on a ship kids can't go play

3993
02:42:04,309 --> 02:42:01,439
in the forest right they can't go see

3994
02:42:05,030 --> 02:42:04,319
the grand canyon so what is it that you

3995
02:42:08,790 --> 02:42:05,040
are going to

3996
02:42:09,750 --> 02:42:08,800
teach kids um about about everything to

3997
02:42:12,469 --> 02:42:09,760
keep them

3998
02:42:14,870 --> 02:42:12,479
moving forward how do you occupy time

3999
02:42:18,150 --> 02:42:14,880
then you have adults

4000
02:42:23,110 --> 02:42:18,160
how what do we do what do you do for

4001
02:42:25,110 --> 02:42:23,120
10 000 years right what do you do

4002
02:42:26,269 --> 02:42:25,120
what do you do how do we overcome these

4003
02:42:29,269 --> 02:42:26,279
are fundamental

4004
02:42:31,110 --> 02:42:29,279
philosophical deep questions that we

4005
02:42:31,990 --> 02:42:31,120
have to sit down and discuss and talk

4006
02:42:33,910 --> 02:42:32,000
about

4007
02:42:36,469 --> 02:42:33,920
because we have to get it done and we

4008
02:42:39,990 --> 02:42:36,479
don't have a choice

4009
02:42:41,990 --> 02:42:40,000
i think a lot of training into uh

4010
02:42:43,269 --> 02:42:42,000
you know figuring out more about our

4011
02:42:45,750 --> 02:42:43,279
consciousness

4012
02:42:46,870 --> 02:42:45,760
learning how to astral project to

4013
02:42:49,110 --> 02:42:46,880
different realms

4014
02:42:51,830 --> 02:42:49,120
and different dimensions that could

4015
02:42:54,150 --> 02:42:51,840
maybe fill in the gap of what you're

4016
02:42:55,510 --> 02:42:54,160
you're suggesting there of how to bide

4017
02:42:57,750 --> 02:42:55,520
your time

4018
02:42:59,670 --> 02:42:57,760
if we're stuck on a ship but we can we

4019
02:43:02,710 --> 02:42:59,680
can project ourselves to

4020
02:43:05,590 --> 02:43:02,720
earth again and go fishing

4021
02:43:07,510 --> 02:43:05,600
that would be you know something that

4022
02:43:08,630 --> 02:43:07,520
maybe could tie us over for that time

4023
02:43:11,990 --> 02:43:08,640
period

4024
02:43:15,110 --> 02:43:12,000
have you um have you thought about

4025
02:43:17,830 --> 02:43:15,120
uh because i have

4026
02:43:19,750 --> 02:43:17,840
mars okay so there's you know depending

4027
02:43:21,190 --> 02:43:19,760
on where mars is and how we launch and

4028
02:43:24,630 --> 02:43:21,200
how fast we go

4029
02:43:26,790 --> 02:43:24,640
and all of that okay let's say

4030
02:43:28,469 --> 02:43:26,800
let's say on the best side of things

4031
02:43:31,750 --> 02:43:28,479
let's say it's a year

4032
02:43:33,110 --> 02:43:31,760
okay a year to get to mars it's probably

4033
02:43:36,150 --> 02:43:33,120
longer but a year

4034
02:43:39,190 --> 02:43:36,160
the ship is not going to be that big

4035
02:43:43,349 --> 02:43:39,200
right you're going to have to be

4036
02:43:46,230 --> 02:43:43,359
in an enclosed can

4037
02:43:47,590 --> 02:43:46,240
for a year staring at the same five or

4038
02:43:49,510 --> 02:43:47,600
six people

4039
02:43:52,230 --> 02:43:49,520
you know you don't have you've got one

4040
02:43:55,110 --> 02:43:52,240
room you can go into or the other room

4041
02:43:56,389 --> 02:43:55,120
right that's it that's it you got your

4042
02:43:57,670 --> 02:43:56,399
bunk

4043
02:43:59,830 --> 02:43:57,680
you know i don't even know if there's

4044
02:44:01,830 --> 02:43:59,840
going to be gravity is there

4045
02:44:03,349 --> 02:44:01,840
is there going to be artificial gravity

4046
02:44:06,790 --> 02:44:03,359
something to

4047
02:44:08,070 --> 02:44:06,800
to uh make you feel a little bit normal

4048
02:44:10,309 --> 02:44:08,080
maybe not

4049
02:44:12,550 --> 02:44:10,319
and and you're gonna do that for a year

4050
02:44:14,630 --> 02:44:12,560
going there and then a year coming back

4051
02:44:16,870 --> 02:44:14,640
if you do come back maybe you're gonna

4052
02:44:18,309 --> 02:44:16,880
stay on mars maybe there isn't a return

4053
02:44:21,830 --> 02:44:18,319
trip i don't know

4054
02:44:25,830 --> 02:44:21,840
but how would you occupy your time

4055
02:44:28,630 --> 02:44:25,840
for a year in something that enclosed

4056
02:44:29,429 --> 02:44:28,640
i don't know man it's it's yeah that's a

4057
02:44:31,830 --> 02:44:29,439
that's a hard

4058
02:44:34,630 --> 02:44:31,840
hard thing to even think about elon musk

4059
02:44:38,469 --> 02:44:34,640
better come out with a real good vr

4060
02:44:42,710 --> 02:44:38,479
program video games man

4061
02:44:47,429 --> 02:44:42,720
video game and you know when because

4062
02:44:50,469 --> 02:44:47,439
it's not any different uh to the mind

4063
02:44:51,030 --> 02:44:50,479
if you're in solitary confinement in a

4064
02:44:54,469 --> 02:44:51,040
prison

4065
02:44:55,590 --> 02:44:54,479
right 24 hours a day and and what that

4066
02:44:59,030 --> 02:44:55,600
does mentally

4067
02:45:02,230 --> 02:44:59,040
to somebody and it's

4068
02:45:05,269 --> 02:45:02,240
it's it's got to be a concern

4069
02:45:08,630 --> 02:45:05,279
you know i like being alone i do i

4070
02:45:11,670 --> 02:45:08,640
i enjoy uh being alone but i

4071
02:45:13,670 --> 02:45:11,680
i'd rather hang out with people right if

4072
02:45:16,150 --> 02:45:13,680
i had my choice exactly

4073
02:45:16,950 --> 02:45:16,160
i i don't know and and i think about

4074
02:45:21,110 --> 02:45:16,960
this often

4075
02:45:23,910 --> 02:45:21,120
so who is thinking about this right now

4076
02:45:25,190 --> 02:45:23,920
there's a lot of forward uh you know

4077
02:45:27,030 --> 02:45:25,200
thinking people

4078
02:45:28,870 --> 02:45:27,040
that that discuss these things but i

4079
02:45:32,070 --> 02:45:28,880
think it's mainly

4080
02:45:34,070 --> 02:45:32,080
in in sci-fi in science fiction circles

4081
02:45:35,670 --> 02:45:34,080
you know writers and creators of movies

4082
02:45:38,710 --> 02:45:35,680
and television and books and

4083
02:45:41,590 --> 02:45:38,720
authors where they contemplate these

4084
02:45:43,670 --> 02:45:41,600
very deep subjects but are they talking

4085
02:45:45,110 --> 02:45:43,680
about it at the united nations

4086
02:45:46,950 --> 02:45:45,120
right are they talking about this at

4087
02:45:51,830 --> 02:45:46,960
darpa do they talk about this at

4088
02:45:53,830 --> 02:45:51,840
nasa i mean the real we would never know

4089
02:45:54,870 --> 02:45:53,840
not yet anyway they're not going to tell

4090
02:45:56,870 --> 02:45:54,880
us anything

4091
02:45:57,910 --> 02:45:56,880
but that that's what i was getting to is

4092
02:46:00,150 --> 02:45:57,920
is well

4093
02:46:01,670 --> 02:46:00,160
you know i understand you know we got to

4094
02:46:03,510 --> 02:46:01,680
build the rockets we got to send them

4095
02:46:05,349 --> 02:46:03,520
there we got to figure out viable ways

4096
02:46:07,429 --> 02:46:05,359
of actually getting there

4097
02:46:09,590 --> 02:46:07,439
but i think we should reign back a

4098
02:46:11,110 --> 02:46:09,600
little bit on the amount of money that

4099
02:46:14,230 --> 02:46:11,120
you're putting into that and then

4100
02:46:16,790 --> 02:46:14,240
start figuring out and i'm going sci-fi

4101
02:46:17,750 --> 02:46:16,800
here but you know how to how to print a

4102
02:46:21,190 --> 02:46:17,760
cheeseburger

4103
02:46:23,990 --> 02:46:21,200
i know yes yeah yeah

4104
02:46:25,510 --> 02:46:24,000
like that we need to figure out how to

4105
02:46:27,670 --> 02:46:25,520
keep ourselves alive

4106
02:46:29,110 --> 02:46:27,680
indefinitely and it was something

4107
02:46:31,990 --> 02:46:29,120
avialopa saying tonight

4108
02:46:33,670 --> 02:46:32,000
is that you know we we you know i i

4109
02:46:35,190 --> 02:46:33,680
can't say it word for word but he was

4110
02:46:36,630 --> 02:46:35,200
basically saying you know we send people

4111
02:46:37,510 --> 02:46:36,640
there and then they figure out how to

4112
02:46:39,269 --> 02:46:37,520
live there

4113
02:46:40,550 --> 02:46:39,279
well how about we figure out how to live

4114
02:46:42,790 --> 02:46:40,560
indefinitely first

4115
02:46:44,469 --> 02:46:42,800
no matter what well no matter where we

4116
02:46:47,670 --> 02:46:44,479
are and then we go there

4117
02:46:50,790 --> 02:46:47,680
that's right excuse me i just coughed

4118
02:46:53,590 --> 02:46:50,800
um what he said was uh

4119
02:46:55,750 --> 02:46:53,600
that we'll practice on the moon right

4120
02:46:58,070 --> 02:46:55,760
and then we'll practice on mars

4121
02:46:59,990 --> 02:46:58,080
and i get that you know okay you know

4122
02:47:03,030 --> 02:47:00,000
baby steps i understand

4123
02:47:03,429 --> 02:47:03,040
i want to know how these ships are going

4124
02:47:09,269 --> 02:47:03,439
to

4125
02:47:10,469 --> 02:47:09,279
massive going right straight science

4126
02:47:11,910 --> 02:47:10,479
fiction

4127
02:47:14,469 --> 02:47:11,920
you know i don't care if you're talking

4128
02:47:16,389 --> 02:47:14,479
about an imperial star cruiser whatever

4129
02:47:20,230 --> 02:47:16,399
is on your mind

4130
02:47:22,710 --> 02:47:20,240
that has to get built and we aren't

4131
02:47:26,389 --> 02:47:22,720
going to be flying

4132
02:47:28,710 --> 02:47:26,399
steel and aluminum in titanium

4133
02:47:29,670 --> 02:47:28,720
you know all day long from planet earth

4134
02:47:31,190 --> 02:47:29,680
up to build the

4135
02:47:33,190 --> 02:47:31,200
the resources have to come from

4136
02:47:35,429 --> 02:47:33,200
somewhere else you know

4137
02:47:36,710 --> 02:47:35,439
from an asteroid i don't know do we grab

4138
02:47:39,830 --> 02:47:36,720
an asteroid and

4139
02:47:42,950 --> 02:47:39,840
tow it into orbit and start mining that

4140
02:47:46,150 --> 02:47:42,960
but you can see what we launch

4141
02:47:49,190 --> 02:47:46,160
um with a spacex or the chinese

4142
02:47:52,469 --> 02:47:49,200
long march or soyuz it's very

4143
02:47:54,389 --> 02:47:52,479
small payloads very small

4144
02:47:55,670 --> 02:47:54,399
you know and i mean what we would have

4145
02:47:57,590 --> 02:47:55,680
to fly tens of

4146
02:47:58,950 --> 02:47:57,600
thousands of those to start building

4147
02:48:02,309 --> 02:47:58,960
some you know

4148
02:48:04,230 --> 02:48:02,319
uh generational starship so

4149
02:48:05,349 --> 02:48:04,240
where are these discussions coming from

4150
02:48:08,790 --> 02:48:05,359
is anybody

4151
02:48:11,349 --> 02:48:08,800
doing any forward planning here

4152
02:48:11,990 --> 02:48:11,359
i i don't you know and this is the other

4153
02:48:14,870 --> 02:48:12,000
thing scott

4154
02:48:17,269 --> 02:48:14,880
tripp on this i i swear this is where my

4155
02:48:20,710 --> 02:48:17,279
mind goes

4156
02:48:23,990 --> 02:48:20,720
what if tomorrow

4157
02:48:28,830 --> 02:48:24,000
we start tracking like the

4158
02:48:31,429 --> 02:48:28,840
asteroid right the doomsday

4159
02:48:34,150 --> 02:48:31,439
asteroid we're stuck

4160
02:48:34,870 --> 02:48:34,160
right now right now we're stuck that's

4161
02:48:41,429 --> 02:48:34,880
it

4162
02:48:44,870 --> 02:48:41,439
there isn't any plans

4163
02:48:46,309 --> 02:48:44,880
i would hope that if the the the mother

4164
02:48:49,590 --> 02:48:46,319
lode asteroid the

4165
02:48:52,630 --> 02:48:49,600
end-all extinction event happens

4166
02:48:53,269 --> 02:48:52,640
that we have a plan of getting a

4167
02:48:56,710 --> 02:48:53,279
thousand

4168
02:48:59,670 --> 02:48:56,720
ship

4169
02:49:01,110 --> 02:48:59,680
and out in the other direction to carry

4170
02:49:04,309 --> 02:49:01,120
on humanity

4171
02:49:07,510 --> 02:49:04,319
right right am i wrong

4172
02:49:09,429 --> 02:49:07,520
in thinking like that no but we also

4173
02:49:12,030 --> 02:49:09,439
have to figure out a way to keep them

4174
02:49:15,429 --> 02:49:12,040
alive on that ship

4175
02:49:17,269 --> 02:49:15,439
indefinitely do you go if

4176
02:49:19,030 --> 02:49:17,279
if somebody gives you a card to punch

4177
02:49:22,469 --> 02:49:19,040
and says okay

4178
02:49:25,830 --> 02:49:22,479
uh everything's good everything's good

4179
02:49:27,990 --> 02:49:25,840
ship is built to survive no radiation

4180
02:49:29,990 --> 02:49:28,000
issues you've got gravity you've got a

4181
02:49:30,950 --> 02:49:30,000
forest you've got plants you got this

4182
02:49:33,110 --> 02:49:30,960
you got that

4183
02:49:34,870 --> 02:49:33,120
you got all the video games you can play

4184
02:49:37,990 --> 02:49:34,880
and pizza every day

4185
02:49:41,429 --> 02:49:38,000
and they you are good to go do you go

4186
02:49:45,349 --> 02:49:41,439
do you go on a one-way trip to nowhere

4187
02:49:48,389 --> 02:49:45,359
nope you stay here i'm gonna stay here

4188
02:49:52,150 --> 02:49:48,399
i'm gonna get a nice cold bottle of that

4189
02:49:53,429 --> 02:49:52,160
that uh crystal skull vodka and i'm

4190
02:49:56,870 --> 02:49:53,439
going fishing

4191
02:49:58,550 --> 02:49:56,880
really like uh like woody harrelson what

4192
02:50:02,469 --> 02:49:58,560
was that movie

4193
02:50:03,830 --> 02:50:02,479
uh uh 22 2012. yeah 2012.

4194
02:50:05,590 --> 02:50:03,840
yeah where he's on the mountain yeah

4195
02:50:08,550 --> 02:50:05,600
that's me that's me for sure

4196
02:50:09,349 --> 02:50:08,560
it was so funny when he raised his hands

4197
02:50:11,349 --> 02:50:09,359
you remember

4198
02:50:12,870 --> 02:50:11,359
at the end of it right when everything

4199
02:50:14,950 --> 02:50:12,880
is coming towards him

4200
02:50:15,990 --> 02:50:14,960
and he's like coming in let's go let's

4201
02:50:19,110 --> 02:50:16,000
go

4202
02:50:19,670 --> 02:50:19,120
so yep yeah that's me i'm the one that's

4203
02:50:22,710 --> 02:50:19,680
gonna run

4204
02:50:25,349 --> 02:50:22,720
straight towards it well you know

4205
02:50:26,389 --> 02:50:25,359
um i have a jeep right i have a nice

4206
02:50:29,670 --> 02:50:26,399
four-wheel-drive

4207
02:50:32,150 --> 02:50:29,680
jeep that can handle just about anything

4208
02:50:34,469 --> 02:50:32,160
and i thought about that i thought about

4209
02:50:36,150 --> 02:50:34,479
that how quick can i load it up

4210
02:50:37,750 --> 02:50:36,160
and just drive to the mountains and hang

4211
02:50:41,510 --> 02:50:37,760
out with woody harrelson if

4212
02:50:44,870 --> 02:50:41,520
if if it goes down

4213
02:50:48,870 --> 02:50:44,880
right if it goes down how quick

4214
02:50:50,469 --> 02:50:48,880
and and i i wouldn't how do i say this i

4215
02:50:52,230 --> 02:50:50,479
don't know if i would go and try to find

4216
02:50:55,510 --> 02:50:52,240
somebody with a bunker

4217
02:50:56,630 --> 02:50:55,520
or i would try to you know save my nah

4218
02:50:59,510 --> 02:50:56,640
i think i would just head to the

4219
02:51:02,790 --> 02:50:59,520
mountains and and ride it out

4220
02:51:05,750 --> 02:51:02,800
oh yeah i mean i mean

4221
02:51:06,469 --> 02:51:05,760
to be fearful in the face of death i

4222
02:51:10,070 --> 02:51:06,479
don't know

4223
02:51:13,110 --> 02:51:10,080
of

4224
02:51:16,389 --> 02:51:13,120
wrong but i i'd rather

4225
02:51:20,389 --> 02:51:16,399
face death faith you know head on

4226
02:51:23,030 --> 02:51:20,399
you know i'd bring it i can't die

4227
02:51:25,510 --> 02:51:23,040
i already know that i'm i'm a ethereal

4228
02:51:28,710 --> 02:51:25,520
being of pure energy that cannot

4229
02:51:30,389 --> 02:51:28,720
die period i mean my physical form might

4230
02:51:33,110 --> 02:51:30,399
might go away but

4231
02:51:33,429 --> 02:51:33,120
i'm not going to so i might as well you

4232
02:51:36,550 --> 02:51:33,439
know

4233
02:51:37,750 --> 02:51:36,560
just go for it well you you bring up a

4234
02:51:40,710 --> 02:51:37,760
really good point

4235
02:51:41,269 --> 02:51:40,720
um uh your first question you know are

4236
02:51:47,670 --> 02:51:41,279
we

4237
02:51:48,710 --> 02:51:47,680
if you remember it was about four years

4238
02:51:50,870 --> 02:51:48,720
ago

4239
02:51:51,750 --> 02:51:50,880
i want everybody to just kind of go on

4240
02:51:54,070 --> 02:51:51,760
the way back

4241
02:51:55,910 --> 02:51:54,080
machine with me for a second it was

4242
02:51:59,269 --> 02:51:55,920
about four years ago

4243
02:52:02,710 --> 02:51:59,279
and nasa was doing a press conference

4244
02:52:06,070 --> 02:52:02,720
and talking about going to the moon and

4245
02:52:10,230 --> 02:52:06,080
where technology is today and

4246
02:52:12,550 --> 02:52:10,240
one of the engineers slipped up

4247
02:52:13,990 --> 02:52:12,560
one of the engineers said i'm

4248
02:52:17,349 --> 02:52:14,000
paraphrasing but i

4249
02:52:19,590 --> 02:52:17,359
caught it said something like well once

4250
02:52:22,710 --> 02:52:19,600
we figure out how to survive the

4251
02:52:25,429 --> 02:52:22,720
van allen belt and the radiation

4252
02:52:26,870 --> 02:52:25,439
then we will get out of low earth orbit

4253
02:52:28,710 --> 02:52:26,880
where you know the iss

4254
02:52:31,429 --> 02:52:28,720
is right now that no humans have gone

4255
02:52:34,469 --> 02:52:31,439
beyond that since apollo

4256
02:52:34,870 --> 02:52:34,479
and i was like wait a minute i thought

4257
02:52:38,230 --> 02:52:34,880
we

4258
02:52:41,349 --> 02:52:38,240
could survive the van allen belt

4259
02:52:45,110 --> 02:52:41,359
right we went to the moon so

4260
02:52:47,750 --> 02:52:45,120
why is this an issue now

4261
02:52:48,309 --> 02:52:47,760
and i found that just fascinating in

4262
02:52:50,950 --> 02:52:48,319
that

4263
02:52:51,429 --> 02:52:50,960
did he slip up did he make a mistake

4264
02:52:54,309 --> 02:52:51,439
right

4265
02:52:56,630 --> 02:52:54,319
is there an issue with radiation out

4266
02:52:56,950 --> 02:52:56,640
there that we weren't aware of that you

4267
02:52:59,750 --> 02:52:56,960
know

4268
02:53:02,150 --> 02:52:59,760
about did we even go to the moon how did

4269
02:53:04,790 --> 02:53:02,160
we get there with technology in 1969

4270
02:53:07,349 --> 02:53:04,800
1970 71-72

4271
02:53:09,429 --> 02:53:07,359
yet the van allen belt was in the way

4272
02:53:10,950 --> 02:53:09,439
wasn't radiation a consideration back

4273
02:53:14,550 --> 02:53:10,960
then it seemed like

4274
02:53:18,230 --> 02:53:14,560
buzz aldrin's still alive right so

4275
02:53:20,870 --> 02:53:18,240
what how is this how is this

4276
02:53:21,670 --> 02:53:20,880
correct and it was something that just

4277
02:53:25,030 --> 02:53:21,680
puzzled me

4278
02:53:28,550 --> 02:53:25,040
because now their big concern

4279
02:53:31,590 --> 02:53:28,560
is how do we fight radiation

4280
02:53:33,190 --> 02:53:31,600
and keep everybody alive on a trip to

4281
02:53:35,750 --> 02:53:33,200
mars

4282
02:53:39,190 --> 02:53:35,760
it's like haven't you been thinking

4283
02:53:42,630 --> 02:53:39,200
about this already right haven't you

4284
02:53:46,790 --> 02:53:42,640
what what what's the design uh

4285
02:53:50,230 --> 02:53:46,800
standards as you are submitting

4286
02:53:55,830 --> 02:53:50,240
for uh a design competition

4287
02:53:57,990 --> 02:53:55,840
right to design a new uh mars spacecraft

4288
02:53:59,110 --> 02:53:58,000
where is the consideration for radiation

4289
02:54:01,750 --> 02:53:59,120
now

4290
02:54:03,750 --> 02:54:01,760
and why is it that you want to say well

4291
02:54:05,510 --> 02:54:03,760
when we figure that out then we know

4292
02:54:09,349 --> 02:54:05,520
that we can go back to the moon

4293
02:54:11,590 --> 02:54:09,359
and go and go to mars i found that

4294
02:54:13,349 --> 02:54:11,600
i i think it was a slip up do you

4295
02:54:16,070 --> 02:54:13,359
remember this conversation i'm talking

4296
02:54:20,389 --> 02:54:16,080
about at the press conference

4297
02:54:22,469 --> 02:54:20,399
uh very very slightly yeah

4298
02:54:23,830 --> 02:54:22,479
because you know it comes down to

4299
02:54:27,670 --> 02:54:23,840
spacesuits

4300
02:54:30,550 --> 02:54:27,680
uh the if we go back to apollo

4301
02:54:31,110 --> 02:54:30,560
and and think about the command module

4302
02:54:36,150 --> 02:54:31,120
and

4303
02:54:38,150 --> 02:54:36,160
put together not the skin on the humans

4304
02:54:41,110 --> 02:54:38,160
the skin of the spacecraft

4305
02:54:41,990 --> 02:54:41,120
what were they doing to battle radiation

4306
02:54:45,190 --> 02:54:42,000
what were they do

4307
02:54:45,910 --> 02:54:45,200
what what because now they're talking

4308
02:54:48,550 --> 02:54:45,920
about

4309
02:54:49,110 --> 02:54:48,560
oh we've got to have three feet of water

4310
02:54:51,670 --> 02:54:49,120
you know

4311
02:54:52,710 --> 02:54:51,680
around uh the spacecraft going to mars

4312
02:54:56,070 --> 02:54:52,720
to block out the

4313
02:54:57,110 --> 02:54:56,080
three feet of what what what it doesn't

4314
02:54:59,269 --> 02:54:57,120
make any

4315
02:55:00,230 --> 02:54:59,279
it's like they haven't considered any of

4316
02:55:03,510 --> 02:55:00,240
that before

4317
02:55:06,550 --> 02:55:03,520
well that very consideration scott

4318
02:55:08,790 --> 02:55:06,560
is what has to come into play for these

4319
02:55:10,230 --> 02:55:08,800
generational spacecraft that are going

4320
02:55:13,830 --> 02:55:10,240
to be heading out into space

4321
02:55:15,349 --> 02:55:13,840
through all kinds of electromagnetic

4322
02:55:17,349 --> 02:55:15,359
radiation and things that you're going

4323
02:55:20,230 --> 02:55:17,359
to encounter in deep space

4324
02:55:21,510 --> 02:55:20,240
i have no idea right those gravitational

4325
02:55:23,750 --> 02:55:21,520
waves and

4326
02:55:24,710 --> 02:55:23,760
um what if uh if there's some kind of

4327
02:55:27,590 --> 02:55:24,720
quasar

4328
02:55:29,429 --> 02:55:27,600
some kind of pulse that that what's

4329
02:55:32,230 --> 02:55:29,439
going to save the ship

4330
02:55:34,230 --> 02:55:32,240
those are the considerations yes yes yes

4331
02:55:36,870 --> 02:55:34,240
yes yes i can't imagine

4332
02:55:38,590 --> 02:55:36,880
um and the micro meteorites how do we

4333
02:55:41,510 --> 02:55:38,600
keep ourselves alive

4334
02:55:42,870 --> 02:55:41,520
indefinitely that's the biggest thing

4335
02:55:43,990 --> 02:55:42,880
like uh you're talking about the

4336
02:55:46,550 --> 02:55:44,000
tardigrade

4337
02:55:47,110 --> 02:55:46,560
and and how he just laughed it off you

4338
02:55:49,190 --> 02:55:47,120
know

4339
02:55:50,790 --> 02:55:49,200
like that's the best you got that's

4340
02:55:53,830 --> 02:55:50,800
where we need to get to

4341
02:55:56,870 --> 02:55:53,840
before i think we go venturing off out

4342
02:55:58,469 --> 02:55:56,880
into anywhere honestly you caught that i

4343
02:56:03,990 --> 02:55:58,479
think we need to

4344
02:56:04,950 --> 02:56:04,000
to make ourselves like the tardigrade

4345
02:56:08,070 --> 02:56:04,960
and just laugh

4346
02:56:10,469 --> 02:56:08,080
anything off before we go doing anything

4347
02:56:12,230 --> 02:56:10,479
yeah there would be more that would be

4348
02:56:14,150 --> 02:56:12,240
my thing you know there's all there's a

4349
02:56:17,510 --> 02:56:14,160
lot of money being spent

4350
02:56:20,469 --> 02:56:17,520
that that that could be used to figure

4351
02:56:23,670 --> 02:56:20,479
out how to make us like the tardigrade

4352
02:56:26,870 --> 02:56:23,680
there's something in the tardigrade dna

4353
02:56:29,590 --> 02:56:26,880
that allows it to survive anything

4354
02:56:31,030 --> 02:56:29,600
heat cold radiation it doesn't matter

4355
02:56:34,389 --> 02:56:31,040
they laugh it off and i

4356
02:56:36,389 --> 02:56:34,399
i it was it was a cavalier

4357
02:56:38,070 --> 02:56:36,399
response for me about the tardigrades

4358
02:56:39,990 --> 02:56:38,080
but it's really true

4359
02:56:41,830 --> 02:56:40,000
they can survive anything they can

4360
02:56:42,710 --> 02:56:41,840
survive anything scott thank you for the

4361
02:56:44,790 --> 02:56:42,720
phone call

4362
02:56:47,269 --> 02:56:44,800
and i just ignored everybody else on

4363
02:56:49,590 --> 02:56:47,279
hold man that was a great conversation

4364
02:56:51,510 --> 02:56:49,600
thank you i was noticing that too sorry

4365
02:56:53,190 --> 02:56:51,520
everybody hold on hold on

4366
02:56:55,349 --> 02:56:53,200
hey have a good night jimmy church have

4367
02:56:57,510 --> 02:56:55,359
a good night fade to black community

4368
02:56:59,110 --> 02:56:57,520
and uh go bagly tatley that's what i'm

4369
02:57:00,550 --> 02:56:59,120
talking about fade to black scott thank

4370
02:57:02,790 --> 02:57:00,560
you so much

4371
02:57:04,389 --> 02:57:02,800
and that's what happens when i get deep

4372
02:57:06,070 --> 02:57:04,399
into a conversation

4373
02:57:08,150 --> 02:57:06,080
i just forget about everything else but

4374
02:57:11,190 --> 02:57:08,160
yeah that is

4375
02:57:14,790 --> 02:57:11,200
one of the points that not only

4376
02:57:17,750 --> 02:57:14,800
avi uh agreed with but that i brought up

4377
02:57:19,830 --> 02:57:17,760
is who's making these plans today 300

4378
02:57:22,309 --> 02:57:19,840
years is going to go by like it was

4379
02:57:24,469 --> 02:57:22,319
nothing we need to make sure that we

4380
02:57:26,870 --> 02:57:24,479
have some kind of exit strategy if

4381
02:57:28,309 --> 02:57:26,880
something goes down whatever it may be

4382
02:57:32,790 --> 02:57:28,319
something is about to go down

4383
02:57:36,710 --> 02:57:32,800
we need to know um sn15 from spacex

4384
02:57:38,950 --> 02:57:36,720
is not the answer it's cool

4385
02:57:40,550 --> 02:57:38,960
but it's not the answer we need to have

4386
02:57:42,790 --> 02:57:40,560
these conversations now

4387
02:57:44,110 --> 02:57:42,800
and these are hard again this these are

4388
02:57:47,190 --> 02:57:44,120
hard deep

4389
02:57:50,070 --> 02:57:47,200
philosophical questions

4390
02:57:50,469 --> 02:57:50,080
you know we've got to leave who gets on

4391
02:57:52,469 --> 02:57:50,479
the ship

4392
02:57:53,590 --> 02:57:52,479
how big do we build this show how many

4393
02:57:56,150 --> 02:57:53,600
of these ships do

4394
02:57:57,190 --> 02:57:56,160
do we build and where do we send them to

4395
02:58:00,309 --> 02:57:57,200
what are the targets

4396
02:58:03,349 --> 02:58:00,319
are some just heading out just

4397
02:58:06,389 --> 02:58:03,359
aimlessly in a direction well probably

4398
02:58:07,269 --> 02:58:06,399
you know do we go to alpha centauri well

4399
02:58:09,269 --> 02:58:07,279
okay

4400
02:58:11,510 --> 02:58:09,279
approximate b's right there i don't know

4401
02:58:14,950 --> 02:58:11,520
if that's the answer but it's certainly

4402
02:58:15,429 --> 02:58:14,960
a target and a goal the moon is not the

4403
02:58:20,790 --> 02:58:15,439
answer

4404
02:58:21,590 --> 02:58:20,800
there you go this is fade to black what

4405
02:58:25,110 --> 02:58:21,600
a great

4406
02:58:28,150 --> 02:58:25,120
the week avi loeb

4407
02:58:29,990 --> 02:58:28,160
thank you so much and um

4408
02:58:32,309 --> 02:58:30,000
my next show with avi there's no doubt

4409
02:58:34,710 --> 02:58:32,319
about it entropy i'm going right

4410
02:58:35,349 --> 02:58:34,720
there tomorrow night here on fade to

4411
02:58:38,950 --> 02:58:35,359
black

4412
02:58:39,349 --> 02:58:38,960
alan steinfeld again finally alan on the

4413
02:58:41,750 --> 02:58:39,359
show

4414
02:58:43,110 --> 02:58:41,760
after almost nine years he will be with

4415
02:58:43,910 --> 02:58:43,120
us tomorrow night we're talking about

4416
02:58:46,550 --> 02:58:43,920
his new book

4417
02:58:47,670 --> 02:58:46,560
it's a bestseller right now on amazon

4418
02:58:49,950 --> 02:58:47,680
making contact

4419
02:58:51,110 --> 02:58:49,960
preparing for the new realities of

4420
02:58:53,750 --> 02:58:51,120
extraterrestrial

4421
02:58:55,190 --> 02:58:53,760
existence and then on wednesday night

4422
02:58:58,230 --> 02:58:55,200
it's another first time guest

4423
02:58:58,950 --> 02:58:58,240
nancy tremaine is with us and her new

4424
02:59:02,150 --> 02:58:58,960
book

4425
02:59:03,429 --> 02:59:02,160
enlightened chapters of my life and then

4426
02:59:06,070 --> 02:59:03,439
of course

4427
02:59:08,070 --> 02:59:06,080
it is thursday night wrapping up the

4428
02:59:10,710 --> 02:59:08,080
week no fader night this week

4429
02:59:11,910 --> 02:59:10,720
thursday night jacques valet and paola

4430
02:59:14,070 --> 02:59:11,920
harris

4431
02:59:15,830 --> 02:59:14,080
for an exclusive evening right here an

4432
02:59:16,550 --> 02:59:15,840
announcement and conversation on fade to

4433
02:59:19,510 --> 02:59:16,560
black

4434
02:59:20,150 --> 02:59:19,520
about their new book trinity the best

4435
02:59:22,550 --> 02:59:20,160
kept

4436
02:59:23,990 --> 02:59:22,560
secret what a great week coming up on

4437
02:59:25,269 --> 02:59:24,000
fade to black

4438
02:59:27,030 --> 02:59:25,279
i want to thank avi loeb great

4439
02:59:29,030 --> 02:59:27,040
conversation tonight

4440
02:59:30,790 --> 02:59:29,040
fade to black's executive producers rita

4441
02:59:33,269 --> 02:59:30,800
kamarian shows produced by hill j

4442
02:59:34,790 --> 02:59:33,279
palm renee dennis and kevin announcers

4443
02:59:37,670 --> 02:59:34,800
are steve harter gene vettel

4444
02:59:38,469 --> 02:59:37,680
mark d kovar webmaster is drew the geek

4445
02:59:42,230 --> 02:59:38,479
music doug

4446
02:59:44,309 --> 02:59:42,240
aldrich introspaceboy spaceboymusic.com

4447
02:59:45,990 --> 02:59:44,319
fade to black is produced by kjcr for

4448
02:59:47,750 --> 02:59:46,000
the game changer network and syndication

4449
02:59:49,830 --> 02:59:47,760
is kgra

4450
02:59:52,309 --> 02:59:49,840
the planet this broadcast owned

4451
02:59:53,990 --> 02:59:52,319
copyrighted 2021 by faded black and the

4452
02:59:56,070 --> 02:59:54,000
game changer network inc

4453
02:59:57,590 --> 02:59:56,080
it cannot be re-broadcast downloaded

4454
02:59:58,389 --> 02:59:57,600
copied or used anywhere in the known

4455
02:59:59,990 --> 02:59:58,399
universe

4456
03:00:01,750 --> 03:00:00,000
without written permission from fade to

4457
03:00:03,510 --> 03:00:01,760
black or the game changer network

4458
03:00:04,790 --> 03:00:03,520
our meals jimmy church tomorrow night

4459
03:00:08,550 --> 03:00:04,800
alan steinfeld